Cell Bio Flashcards
Conseq of erythroblastosis fetalis
Anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperbili, kernicterus
Describe EPO. Causes of high vs low reticulocyte count
Made in liver. Induced by low O2 or HIF, induce erythropoiesis in 24h -> new reticulocytes in 3d. High altitude, hemolytic anemia/blood loss vs iron deficiency, aplastic anemia, rads, infxn
Absolute vs relative polycythemia. Primary vs secondary polycythemia
Inc RBC mass vs problem w/ plasma. JAK2 mutation -> abnl bone marrow & fib -> inc RBC, essential TE event -> blood clot/sludge, MI/stroke/DVTA -> spent phase/2° myelofib vs high altitude, blood doping, smoke/lung dz
Worse: cis or trans alpha thal and why? Beta thal inc chance of what type Hb? Complication of beta thal major?
Cis b/c likely more HbH. HbA2. No betas -> alpha4 -> polymerize & precipitates -> spleen for destruction -> excess hematopoiesis & hepatosplenomegaly
Causes, location, labs for sideroblast vs cause, lab for lead vs 5 causes, labs for AIP vs cause, labs, tx for porphyria cutanea tarda
X linked defect in ALAS, alc; bone marrow; Dec TIBC, baso stippling vs defect ALAD -> buildup d-ALA; some converted to protoporphyrin, baso stippling vs auto dom, alc, griseo, low glu, phenobarbital; buildup prophobilinogen, amiolevulinic acid vs uro deCO2 defect; uroporphyrin excreted in urine; phlebotomy
Where is folic acid vs B12 taken up? Pathway?
Jeju vs B12 to IF in duo, absorbed in ileum. Folate to THF -> Methyl-THF to B12 -> THF take CH3 from ser to dUMP/TMP/Thymidine; methyl-B12 to homocysteine to met
B12 defic causes inc in?
Propionyl CoA, methylmalonyl CoA, methylmalonic acid (not in B9 defic) -> demyelination -> dementia
Intra vs extravasc hemolysis
RBC destroyed in blood vessel -> Hb bind to haptoglobin -> go to spleen to reprocess; Dec haptoglobin, inc Hb, hemosiderinuria vs RBC destroyed by reticuloendothelial system -> Hb to protoporphyrin & unconj bili -> overwhelm liver -> jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, bone marrow hyperplasia
Fava beans, think… | how to tx TTP? How to tx VWF dz? Clopidofrel & ticlopidin block what?
G6PD deficiency agitator b/c inc [O] stress. Plasmapheresis (NOT PLTS). desmopressin. ADP receptors -> no PLT activation
Alpha vs dense granules. Primary hemostasis triggers. VWF released & made by?
Factor I/V/XIII, PF4 (heparin induced thrombocytopenia), TXA2, vWF vs ADP, Ca, sero. Vessel injury, humoral, inc shearing force. Histamine & thrombin, made in endothelium & megakaryocytes/PLT
5 things nml endothelium makes regarding coag
NO/PGI2, thrombomodulin, heparin sulfate, TFPI
