cell anatomy

Question 1

what is the nucleus of a cell?

Answer 1

where the cell DNA is stored in chromatin

Question 2

what is nucleoplasm?

Answer 2

the cytoplasm (liquid) of the nucleus

Question 3

what is chromatin and where is it found?

Answer 3

relaxed DNA in the nucleus

Question 4

what is the nucleolus of a cell?

Answer 4

the centre of the nucleus, the convergence point of all the chromatin

Question 5

what is the nuclear envelope of a cell?

Answer 5

the plasma membrane which encases the nucleus

Question 6

what does RER stand for?

Answer 6

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

what is the rough endoplasmic reticulum of a cell?

Answer 7

several folded membranes covered in ribosomes, where protein synthesis takes place

Question 8

what is a ribosome?

Answer 8

a tiny organelle which enables protein synthesis

Question 9

what are cisternae?

Answer 9

folds in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus

Question 10

what does SER stand for?

Answer 10

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

what is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a cell?

Answer 11

a folded membrane which folds polypeptides into proteins and packages them up into vesicles

Question 12

what is a vesicle?

Answer 12

a bubble made of plasma membrane which enables the transport of molecules

Question 13

what is the golgi apparatus?

Answer 13

a membrane which absorbs and creates vesicles and creates the quaternary structure of proteins

Question 14

what is exocytosis?

Answer 14

the creation of a vesicle by the SER or golgi apparatus

Question 15

what is endocytosis?

Answer 15

the absorption of a vesicle by the golgi apparatus

Question 16

what is a lysosome?

Answer 16

a specialised vesicle which contains lysozymes

Question 17

what are lysozymes?

Answer 17

destructive proteins which can break down cells, used to kill tumours and bacteria

Question 18

what is a mitochondrium?

Answer 18

a double-membraned organelle which is the site of aerobic respiration

Question 19

what are crista?

Answer 19

folds in the inner membrane of a mitochondrium

Question 20

what is the matrix of a mitochondria?

Answer 20

the liquid inside its inner membrane

Question 21

what is a chloroplast?

Answer 21

an organelle found in plant cells which contains a green pigment called chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis

Question 22

what is a thylakoid?

Answer 22

one of many stacked discs found in a chloroplast which contain green chlorophyll

Question 23

what is a granum?

Answer 23

a stack of thylakoid discs in a chloroplast

Question 24

what is a lamella?

Answer 24

the link between two granums in a chloroplast

Question 25

what is the stoma of a chloroplast?

Answer 25

the liquid within its inner membrane

Question 26

what is a vacuole?

Answer 26

a permanent cavity in a plant cell which is filled with cell sap

Question 27

what is a tonoplast?

Answer 27

the plasma membrane around a permanent vacuole

Question 28

what is a cell wall?

Answer 28

the structured outer layer of plant cells made of cellulose

Question 29

what is a cell membrane?

Answer 29

an outer plasma membrane around cell cytoplasm made of a phospholipid bilayer

Question 30

what is a slime capsule?

Answer 30

a third membrane layer found outside the cell wall on some bacteria

Question 31

what is a flagellum?

Answer 31

a moveable tail found on some bacteria used to propel the cell forward

Question 32

what is circular DNA?

Answer 32

a large loop of bacterial DNA found in the cytoplasm of a bacterium

Question 33

what is a plasmid?

Answer 33

a copied small loop of DNA for important genes found in bacteria

Question 34

what is a mesosome?

Answer 34

an extension of the cytoplasm into the membrane found in bacteria, purpose unclear