ATP, water and non biological molecules Flashcards
what is ATP?
a phosphorylated macromolecule (nucleotide) which acts as a universal energy carrier in cells
what is the chemical equation for the release of energy using ATP?
ATP + H2O —> ADP + P1 + energy
what enzyme is needed to break down ATP?
ATP hydrolase
what type of reaction is breaking down ATP?
hydrolysis
what enzyme is needed to synthesise ATP?
ATP synthase
why is ATP better than glucose for releasing energy?
smaller, more manageable and just a single reaction
where does ATP hydrolysis take place?
mitochondria cristae (the matrix)
what is a cation?
a positively charged ion
what is an anion
a negatively charged ion
what is an inorganic ion?
one that doesn’t contain carbon but is important in biological processes
what is the function of calcium in the body?
bone formation
what is the function of sodium in the body?
regulation of fluid balance within the body
what is the function of potassium in the body?
nerve impulse generation and muscle contraction
what is the function of hydrogen in the body?
control of pH, respiration
what is the function of ammonium in the body?
making amino and nucleic acids
what is the function of nitrate in the body?
making amino and nucleic acids
what is the function of hydrogen carbonate in the body?
maintaining blood pH (acts as a buffer)
what is the function of chloride in the body?
cofactor for amylase
what is the function of phosphate in the body?
synthesis of nucleotides and respiration
what is the function of hydroxide in the body?
controlling pH
what is the structure of water?
two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom, dipolar (two charged regions)
what is cohesion?
a lattice formed at room temperature by the slight ionic attraction between water molecules, which produces surface tension
why is water useful?
universal solvent, high specific heat capacity, hydrolysis and condensation reactions
