cell

Question 1

what is the lag phase refering to on the bacterial growth curve

Answer 1

this is when the bacteria are adapting to conditions

the number of bacteria is going to be low and flat (not growing

Question 2

what is the exponential phase referring to on the bacterial growth curve

Answer 2

this is an increase in the number of bacteria

this is also called the log phase

Question 3

what is the stationary phase referring to on the bacterial growth curve

Answer 3

this is when there is a reduction of resources so the growth and numbers level off

(if there was forever abundant resources, then the growth would not plateau here and it would continue increasing)

Question 4

what is the death phase referring to on the bacterial growth curve

Answer 4

this is when the environment has been depleted of resources and the number of bacteria is decreasing

Question 5

transduction

Answer 5

this is gene transfer process that requires a virus

Question 6

conjugation

Answer 6

this is a form of sexual reproduction

a sex pili is used to connect the two bacteria

the donor donates a piece of genetic materia and this will have the “F” factor and this then allows the recipient to become a donor

Question 7

transformation

Answer 7

this is the integration of foreign material by a bacteria

• so this is picking up DNA from the environment

Question 8

binary fission

Answer 8

this is kinda like mitosis but for prokaryotes

• it is a form of asexual reproduction

Question 9

gram positive bacteria

Answer 9

• these have thicker cell walls that absorb both the pink dye and the purple dye
• the wall is made of thicker peptidoglycan
• these will hold onto both colors and appear purple

think kaplan makes our scores more + and kaplan is purple

Question 10

gram negative

Answer 10

these are going to have a thinner wall and the two colors will be there but then after they are washed, the purple washes away, leaving these pink

Question 11

peroxisome

Answer 11

this is an organelle in eukaryotes that contain hydrogen peroxide and this is used to breakdown long chain fatty acids for beta oxidation or for building other lipid molecules

Question 12

lysosome

Answer 12

this is a cell organelle in eukaryotes with hydrolytic enzymes that are going to degrade and recycle things from the cell

Question 13

golgi apparatus

Answer 13

this is where protein modification is regulated and then packaged for leaving the cell

Question 14

cis side of golgi

Answer 14

this is where the incoming vesicles enter

Question 15

trans side of golgi

Answer 15

this is where the vesicles exit to leave the cell

Question 16

cisternae

Answer 16

these are foldingins in the golgi to increase surface area

Question 17

the lumen of the golgi

Answer 17

this is between the folds (the cisternae) and this is where the modifications (adding carbs, phosphates, and sulfates to the proteins occurs)

Question 18

rough ER

Answer 18

this is the portion of the ER with ribosomes and this is where proteins are made that are going to be secreted

Question 19

smooth ER

Answer 19

this is for detoxification and lipid synthesis occurs

Question 20

heterochromatin

Answer 20

this is tightly bound around histones and is harder to access

Question 21

euchromatin

Answer 21

less tightly bound and easier to access

Question 22

nucleolus

Answer 22

this is where rRNA is synthesized

Question 23

nuclear pore

Answer 23

these allow things to enter and leave the nucleus (think mRNA)

Question 24

ribosomal subunit sizes for a eukaryote

Answer 24

the small subunit is 40S and the large is 60S makeing the total 80S

Question 25

ribosomal subunit sizes for prokaryote

Answer 25

the small subunit is 30S and the large is 50S makeing the total 70S