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Biology > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

smallest cell in animal

A

mycoplasma

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2
Q

largest cell in animal

A

ostrich egg

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3
Q

smallest cell in humans
largest cell in humans

A

sperm
ovum , Neuron (males)

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4
Q

cell discovered by

A

Robert Hooke 1665 in cork (Dead cell)

by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1674) — in pond water (Living Cell)

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5
Q

Double-helical structure of DNA

A

Watson & Crick (1953)

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5
Q

Molecule discovery of DNA

A

by Fredrick Mischer (1869)

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5
Q

father of cytology

A

Robert Hooke

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6
Q

Triple-helical structure of collagen

A

G.N.Ramachandran

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7
Q

cell membrane is made up of

A

Proteins+lipids (composition)

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7
Q

present for everything

A

cell membrane

Selectively permeable

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8
Q

cell wall

A

Animal cells do not have a cell wall

Freely permeable, Non-living

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9
Q

cell wall of plants

A

Plants - made up of Cellulose - lignin

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9
Q

cell wall of Bacterial

A

made up of Peptidoglycan

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10
Q

cell wall of Fungi

A

Chitin

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11
Q

Separates nucleus from cytoplasm

A

Nuclear envelope

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12
Q

Largest cell structure

A

Nucleus
“Brain of the cell”

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13
Q

Liquid ground substance of nuclear envelope

A

Nucleoplasm

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14
Q

Nucleolus

A

forms protein forming centres-Ribosomes (RNA + protein)

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15
Q

Entangled mass of thread like structures

A

Chromatin material

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16
Q

Thread like structures visible during cell division DNA Proteins

A

Chromosome

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16
Q

Chromosome-Components

A

DNA - consists of genes
Proteins-Histone

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16
Q

Chromosome pairs?

A

23 pairs - 22 pairs (autosomal)
- 1 pair (sex pair- XX & XY)

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17
Q

Parts between plasma membrane & nuclear envelope

A

Cytoplasm

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18
Q

Cell organelles present in it

A

Cytoplasm

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19
Q

Cell organelles

A

Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Golgi bodies
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vacuoles
Plastids

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19
Q

ATP

A

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) Energy currency

20
Q

how many ATP

A

36 ATP

6^2

21
Q

Cis face
Trans face

A

towards-nucleus
towards- plasma membrane

21
Q

Sucidal bag of the cell

A

Lysosomes (Digestive)

21
Q

Cis face
Trans face in ?

A

Golgi bodies

22
Q

Post office of the Cell

A

Golgi bodies

22
Q

Rough ER
Smooth ER makes?

A

Rough ER: makes proteins, ribosomes present
Smooth ER: synthesis of fats and lipids, ribosomes absent

22
Q

___ forms lysosomes

A

Golgi bodies

22
Q

Convex - forming face ?
Concave - maturing face ?

A

Cis face
Trans face

23
Q

Detox,
Manufacturing in

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

24
Q

Vacuoles in animals

A

Small, temporary

stores glucose, glycogen, protein

24
Q

Vacuoles - in plants

A

Large, distinct, Permanent

25
Q

kitchen of a cell

A

Plastids

Only in plant cell ·
Has its own DNA & Ribosomes

26
Q

Plastids types

A

Chloroplasts - stores chloropyll pigment (Mg metal)

Chromoplasts - stores colour pigment

Leucoplasts - stores starch oil protein

27
Q

Chloroplasts stores

A

stores chlorophyll pigment

28
Q

Chromoplasts stores

A

stores colour pigment

29
Q

Leucoplasts stores

A

Stores starch, oil and protein granules

30
Q

Metal in Chlorophyll

A

Magnesium (Mg)

31
Q

Amyloplasts synthesize
Elaioplasts
Aleuroplast

A

Amyloplasts synthesize - starch
Elaioplasts synthesize - Oil
Aleuroplast synthesize - Protein

32
Q

Tomatoes pigment

A

Lycopene

33
Q

Carrot pigment

A

carotenoids

34
Q

Cell division phases

A

G1 - Growth
S -DNA synthesis
G2 - Growth & preparation for mitosis
M - Mitosis

35
Q

Mitosis occurs in
Meiosis occurs in

A

Somatic cells ( not involve sex)
Germ cells (involve sex)

36
Q

Mitosis

A

Nucleus divides once
diploid (2), 2 daughter cells
2 set of chromosomes

37
Q

Meiosis

A

Nucleus divides twice
haploid (1), 4 daughter cells
1 set of chromosomes

38
Q

Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell

A

e.g. - bacteria, cynobacria, mycoplasma
e.g. - Plant, Animal

39
Q

DNA RNA

A

DNA RNA

Adenine Adenine
Guanine Guanine
Thymine* Uracil*
Cytosine Cytosine

AGTC AGUC

40
Q

That separates the internal environment of the cell from the extracellular fluid

A

Plasma membrane

41
Q

Group of cells –> ___

A

Group of cells –> Tissue –> Organ —> Organ system

42
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Substance inside the cell between plasma membrane & nuclear envelope

Cytosol - fluid part of cytoplasm

43
Q

Protein synthesis takes place in

A

Ribosomes

44
Q

Mitoplast

A

Mitochondria whithout outer membrane

45
Q

In animal cells, Generally small and help separate waste products in cell

A

Vacuole

46
Q

No nucleus, lack membrane

A

Prokaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cell - nucleus ,membrane present

47
Q

Central Dogma of molecular biology

A

DNA —> RNA —-> Protein

48
Q

Aleuroplast

A

Protein

49
Q

Protoplasm

A

Cytoplasm + nucleus

50
Q

Has its own DNA & Ribosomes

A

Mitochondraia

Plastids

51
Q

Garbage disposal

A

Lysosomes

Biology (10 decks)

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