CDS - Construction Docs Flashcards
constantly check the development of a detail against
- original purpose
- performance reqs
- desired appearance
structural integrity
- live and dead loads
- wind loads
- seismic loads
- hydrostatic loads
- forces induced by building movement
- loads induced by human use (ex. opening a door - forces induced on the door jamb)
- forces caused by accidental or intentional abuse
- strength properties of a material or assembly to resist compression, tension, shear, torsion, rupture, hardness, impact)
safety
- structural (collapse or failure)
- fire safety (fire resistant, smoke and fumes from burning, failure)
- safety with human contact (ex. sharp edges of a material, wet floors and slippage)
durability and maintainability
- uv resistance
- temperature changes
- corrosion (pollution, water, atmospheric)
- resistance (marking, scratching/abrasion, impact)
designing a detail, keep in mind construction trade sequencing
can construction proceed from one trade to another with minimal overlap
building movement and substrate attachment
one material must provide an appropriate base for the attachment of another; base material must be compatible with the coating or joining material
- rigid - if one material moves, both move together (ex. plaster fixed to lath)
- rigid but adjustable - curtain wall anchored to floor beam
- flexible - movement is allowed (ex. expansion joint)
industry standard building methods developed
- through practice and experience
- by recommendations of trade associations and testing agencies
- from building codes
conforming to standards
- increases the likelihood that the detail will work
2. minimizes potential liability if something goes wrong
deviation from industry standards
- only after precise definition of the performance requirements specified for the building assembly
- after thorough research of the materials and construction being used
- careful analysis of how the construction might actually perform
resistance to moisture and weathering considerations
most difficult area of detailing
- permeability of the material
- durability of the material
- aggravating circumstances
- joints
- capillary action
- outlets
- sealants
thermal resistance
heat transfer needs to be investigated
- heat loss
- heat gain
other properties to consider when detailing
- acoustical
- light reflection
- abrasion resistant
- resistance to termites or other insects
- holding strength of fasteners
- resistance to fading
- mildew resistance
- color
- finish
organization and layout of construction drawings
to lay out information in a sequence that is most logical so that contractors and subs can find what they need without confusion
ways architect can promote coordination during design and contract document production
- periodic meetings
- progress prints
- notify consultants of changes in writing as they occur
- check and coordinate entire set prior to bid
5.
drawings and specifications
- specifications are complementary to the drawings
2. they should work together without duplicating or overlapping information
tolerance
the amount of allowable variance from a given line, dimension, or size
requiring tighter tolerances that what is generally accepted by industry standards requires
- better materials
- more time
- more labor
- higher cost
areas water might be present
- roof
- exterior walls and penetrations
- below-grade walls and slabs
- pools
- areas under and around showers/tubs
- kitchens
- mechanical rooms
permeability of a material
can it resist moisture or must it be protected with a coating or by some other mechanical means
durability of a material
will aging, building movement, and other forms of deterioration cause the material to crack or break up, allowing water to penetrate
aggravating circumstances to a material
will other conditions cause a normally water-resistant detail to leak? an exterior material may shed water but leak when wind-driven rain is forced in
joints in a material
are joints constructed, flashed, and sealed so that water cannot enter? will building movement damage the integrity of the joints?
capillary action in a material
- are tiny joins or holes that can admit water inherent in the material (ex. brick mortar joints)
- the wrong type of joint can crack imperceptibly and let water in the wall
- a windowsill or coping without a drip can allow water to flow up the underside and into the structure
outlets for water within a material
- if water does get into the structure, is there a way for it to drain back out (ex. weep holes in masonry walls and curtain walls)
weep holes
- a small opening or outlet in a wall or at the bottom of a window member through which accumulated condensation or water can drain to the exterior
- the small extension of metal framing at the lower portion of skylights that collects the condensation that forms inside the glass and drips down
sealants
- must choose a compatible sealant for a material and account for movement at the joint
- backup material must be compatible and sealant must be installed with the correct dimensions
areas where there is weakness in the insulation value
- exterior studs
- pipes penetrating walls
- metal door frames
sustainability in detailing
- embodied energy o the materials used in the detail should be as low as possible (includes hidden materials like blocking and bracing)
- materials made from renewable materials or have recycled content
- reduce energy consumption in the building (ex. adding insulation in a small gap in a detail)
- materials from local sources
- low voc content in adhesives, cleaning compounds, and finishes (ex. use mechanical fasteners instead of construction mastics)
- detail designed to allow for easy deconstruction so individual components can be recycled
organization of CDs
- title and index sheet
- civil
- landscape - site drawings
- architectural
- structural
- plumbing
- mechanical
- electrical
- other (kitchen, acoustical, a/v)
organization of architectural CDs
- demo plan
- floor plan
- rcp
- roof plan
- exterior elev
- interior elev
- building sections
- wall sections
- exterior details
- interior details
- schedules
drawings should show
- general configuration
- size
- shape
- location
- general notes to explain materials, construction requirements, and dimensions
site plan should show
- vicinity map
- property description
- property line with dimensions and bearings
- benchmarks
- existing structures
- new building location
- landscaping
- site improvements
- fencing
- roads
- streets
- right of way
- drainage
- limit of the work of the contract
floor plans should show
- building configuration with all walls
- dimensions
- grade elevations at building line
- construction to remain
- references to other details and elevations
- room names and numbers
- door swings and numbers
- window numbers
- floor material indications
- plumbing fixtures
- built-in fixtures
- stairs
- special equipment
- vertical transportation
- notes as required
roof plans should show
- roof outline
- overall dimensions
- dimensions of setbacks
- slope of roof
- drainage
- references to other details
- roof materials
- penetrations
- roof-mounted equipment
rcp should show
- partitions extending to and through the ceiling
- ceiling material
- grid lines
- ceiling heights
- light locations
- diffusers
- access panels
- speakers
- other equipment
- ceiling penetrations
- expansion joints
- notes
exterior elevations should show
- structural grid center lines
- vertical dimensions
- floor-to-floor heights
- opening heights
- references to other details
- floor lines
- elevations of major elements
- grade lines
- foundation lines (dashed)
- material indications
- symbols for window schedule
- gutters
- signs and windows
- doors
- all other openings
- notes
building sections should show
- vertical dimensions
- elevations of the tops of structural components and finish floor lines
- general material indications
- footing and foundations
- references to other details
- ceiling lines
- major mechanical services
- notes
wall sections should show
- dimensions to center lines
- face of wall dimensions to other components
- vertical dimensions from foundations to parapet relating all elements to top of structural elements
- material indications
- all connection methods
- mechanical and electrical elements shown schematically
- roof construction
- floor construction
- foundation construction
- notes
interior elevations should show
- vertical dimensions to critical elements
- references to other details
- openings in walls
- wall finishes
- built-in items
- locations of switches
- thermostats
- other wall mounted equipment
- notes
schedules should show
- room finish schedule
- door schedule
- window schedule
- hardware schedule
others: - louver
- architectural woodwork
- piling
- equipment
structural drawings should show
- footing and foundation plans
- rebar layout
- framing plans
- major structural sections
- detail sections
- pier reinforcing schedules
- connection details
- architect to incorporate exact sizes of structural members into details to allow sufficient space for construction, clearances, tolerances, and finishes
- only show overall outline of piers, footings, foundation walls, structural walls, and framing in architectural drawings
- elevations for top of beams, structural walls, and floors shown on both arch and structural sets
mechanical and plumbing drawings should show
- location of mechanical equipment
- layout of ductwork, pipes, fixtures, and other components
- plumbing isometrics
- details of mechanical room layout
- details - ductwork connections and pipe support
- equipment schedules
- mechanical and electrical information only shown on architectural drawings where there needs to be coordination with other constructed elements (ex. bathroom fixtures, grilles in ceiling, sprinkler heads, etc.)
electrical drawings should show
- power plan
- lighting plan
- telecomm plan
- signal and security systems
- single line diagrams
- transformer, equipment, and fixture schedules
home runs (electrical drawings)
- a graphic indication using an arrowhead and the numbers of the circuits that the line on the drawing connecting lights or outlets is connected to particular circuit breakers in a particular electrical panel box
- used so that the drawing does not become cluttered
drawing requirements for IBC
- indicate location, nature, and extent of proposed work
- site plan - show size and location of new construction and existing structures; distances from lot lines, established street grades, proposed finished grades; accurate boundary survey
- means of egress; number of occupants on every floor and in all rooms and spaces must be indicated
- proof of weather resistance of exterior wall envelope (specs)
- fire protection
- structural calculations
cover sheet information
- name and address of all design professionals
- street address or legal description of the property
- sf of building
- building type and occupancy group(s)
- occupant load calcs
- valuation of new construction
