cd4 t cells Flashcards
what type of response does the innate immune system drive?
immediate
how long does the adaptive immune system take to respond?
5-10 days
how specific is the innate immune system?
not very - binds a whole range of molecules
how specific is the adaptive immune system?
very - highly specific
what ligands are used in the innate immune system?
pamps
what ligands are used in the adaptive immune system?
any protein, lipid or carbohydrate
how fast is the response of the innate immune system on re-exposure?
the same
how fast is the response of the adaptive immune system on re-exposure?
faster bc of memory cells
what is the receptor on t helper cells?
cd4
what mhc class do t helper cells bind to?
mhc class II
what cells does HIV target?
cd4 t helper cells
which cytokine drives the clonal expansion of cd4 cells?
il-2
which cytokine causes th0 to turn into th1?
IL-12/23
what makes IL-12?
dendritic cells that have recently been exposed to a virus or bacteria
which cytokine causes th0 to turn into th2?
IL-4
what makes IL-4?
mast cells that have been activated by worms
what cytokines do th1 cells produce?
IFN-gamma
what do th1 cells do?
activate macrophages
what cytokines do th2 cells produce?
IL-4, 5, 13
what does IL-4 do?
stimulates the production of IgE
what do th2 cells do?
stimulate b cells to become plasma cells and produce antibodies
are th1 cells involved in the cell-mediated response or the humoral response?
cell mediated
are th2 cells involved in the cell mediated response or humoral response?
humoral
why can th2 responses be bad?
make il-4 which stimulates production of IgE which causes allergies because it causes mast cells to produce histamines
