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BCAS CCP Program > CCP 107 - Transfusion Medicine > Flashcards

CCP 107 - Transfusion Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

List the components of blood

A
  • Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
  • Leukocytes (white blood cells)
  • Thrombocytes (platelets)
  • Plasma
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2
Q

Describe the makeup, origin and function of “Erythrocytes”

A
  • Red Blood Cells
  • Developed in the bone marrow
  • 4 hemoglobin/erythrocyte
  • Oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide CO2 transport
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3
Q

Describe the function and type of “Leukocytes”

A
  • White Blood Cells

“Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas”

  • Neutrophils - 60% - respond to tissue damage, phagocytize bacteria, live 4 days
  • Lymphocytes - 30% - immune response, T cells and B cells
  • Monocytes - 6% - become macrophages, clean up tissue damage
  • Eosinophils - 3% - responds to histamine/allergic reactions and parasites
  • Basophils - 1% - become mast cells, produce histamine and heparin
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4
Q

Describe function of “Thrombocytes”

A
  • Platelets
  • A factor in clot formation
  • Activated by collagen, thromboxane A2, ADP or thrombin
  • Will become “sticky” and attach to other platelets to grow the plug - stabilized by fibrin
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5
Q

Describe the makeup and function of “Plasma”

A
  • Plasma
  • Liquid Component of blood
  • Carries clotting factors
  • 92-95% water, 5-8% proteins (globulin/albumin/fibrinogen), clotting factors, glucose, electrolytes, hormones, CO@ and O2
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6
Q

Describe the functions of blood

A
  • Ph regulator
    • Temperature Regulator
    • Supplies O2
    • Supplies Nutrients - Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids
    • Removal of waste - CO2, Urea Lactic Acid
    • Immunological Functions - Carries WBC, contains antibodies
    • Coagulation
    • Messenger - Transport of hormones, singling tissue damage
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7
Q

Explain the ABO/Rh system for red blood cells

A

Blood typing system (ABO):

  • A system that defines the antigen (flag/marker that defines the cell) on a cell body and its compatibility with other blood types
  • Cells with the same antigens can be transfused with like antigen cells
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8
Q

Explain the ABO/Rh system for plasma

A

Plasma typing system (ABO):

  • A system that defines the antibody (Ig immunoglobulin) within the plasma
  • Will activate when it senses “non-self” antigens causing agglutination
  • No Rh factor designation
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9
Q

Define RhD

A
  • Rh blood group, D antigen
  • Originally discovered in Rhesus monkeys
  • Can create transfusion reactions with mother/child during pregnancy
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10
Q

Discuss HLA in the setting of blood administration

A
  • Proteins present on White Blood Cells (WBC)
  • When blood cells are transfused without adequate leukoreduction into someone who is immunocompromised the donor cells recognize the recipients cells as “non-self” and attack the recipient cells - Graft vs Host Disease
  • leads to end organ failure, DIC, death
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11
Q

List available Blood Products

A
  • Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC)
  • Platelets
  • Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
  • Cryoprecipitate
  • Albumin
  • Fractionated Blood Products
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12
Q

Describe Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC)

A

Packed Red Blood Cells

  • Average volume 300ml
  • Hematocrit Hct 50-65%
  • Residual plasma <20 %
  • Stored 1 - 6*c
  • Shelf life of 42 days
  • Can be outside of refrigeration for 24 hours
  • Must be transfused within 4 hours of being hung
  • Citrate added for anti-coagulation
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13
Q

Describe Platelets

A

a

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14
Q

Describe Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

A

a

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15
Q

Describe Cryoprecipitate

A

a

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16
Q

Describe Albumin

A

a

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17
Q

Describe Fractionated Blood Products

A

a

18
Q

What are the Indications for Blood Transfusion

A
  • Shock
  • Coagulopathies
  • Anemia/Hemorrhage: Hemoglobin >70 g/L -or- hemoglobin >90 g/L in ACS
19
Q

One unit of RBC will increase hemoglobin by?

A

10 g/L

20
Q

What is the ideal transfusion ratio?

A

1:1:1 (PRBC/Plasma/Platelets)

21
Q

Describe Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions (AHTR) and associated symptoms

A

a

22
Q

Describe Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions (FNHTR)

A

a

23
Q

Describe Allergic reactions in Blood transfusion

A

a

24
Q

Draw the Red Blood cell ABO/RH system chart

A

Insert Chart

25
Q

Draw the Plasma ABO/RH system chart

A

Insert Chart

26
Q

Which RED BLOOD CELL is considered the “Universal Donor”?

A

ABO/Rh O negative

27
Q

Which RED BLOOD CELL group is considered the “Universal Recipient”?

A

ABO/Rh AB positive

28
Q

Which PLASMA group is considered the “Universal Donor”?

A

ABO type AB

29
Q

Which PLASMA group is considered the “Universal Recipient”?

A

ABO type O

30
Q

What does antibodies do to red blood cells when they aren’t compatible?

A

Agglutination - Red cells get stuck together and are flagged for lysing

31
Q

At what rate do you start the transfusion of Blood Products?

A

50 mL/hr for 15 minutes

32
Q

What is the maximum time frame or number of blood units that a blood administration set can be used for?

A
  • 4 hours
  • 4 units of blood products
  • Cannot mix blood units (ie RBC and Plasma cannot use the same administration set)
33
Q

If giving Type O blood which demographics would receive O negative and which would receive O positive?

A
  • O negative: Females of child bearing age

- O positive: Males and females older than child bearing age

34
Q

According to new research, how many units of type A plasma can you provide to an unmatched individual and not receive negative side effects?

A

4-6 units

35
Q

What blood product would you provide for a patient who was anemic?

A
  • Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC)
36
Q

What blood product would you provide to replace clotting factors?

A

a

37
Q

What blood product would you provide to assist with clot formation?

A

a

38
Q

Are Red Blood Cells compatible with fluids other than normal saline?

A

No

39
Q

What sized filter must be used with Red Blood cells?

A

170 - 260 microns

40
Q

What does “Apheresis” mean?

A
  • Single Donor
41
Q

What is the recommended prophylaxis to prevent Citrate toxicity?

A

1g Calcium Chloride every 4-6 units of PRBC

42
Q

Who are Irradiated PRBC’s used for and what changes will occur to the blood product?

A
  • Patients at risk of developing Transfusion Associated Graft vs Host Disease (TA-GvHD)
  • Higher Potassium (K+) and free Hemoglobin (Hgb)

BCAS CCP Program (13 decks)

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