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REVIEW > CC PROTEINS > Flashcards

CC PROTEINS Flashcards

1
Q

proteins comes from greek word proteios, which means?

A

of first importance

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2
Q

these macromolecules are polymers of covalently linked amino acids through peptide bonds. these group of molecules are synthesized by hepatocytes

A

PROTEINS

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3
Q

only proteins not synthesized by the liver

A

immunoglobulins
VWF
factor III

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4
Q

only produced by the plasma cells (russell bodies)

A

immunoglobulins

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5
Q

which can be produced by endothelial cells (weilbel-palade bodies)

A

VWF

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6
Q

which are produced by tissue in general

A

factor III

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7
Q

regulate balance between anabolism and catabolism

A

nitrogen balance

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8
Q

simplest form of protein

A

primary structure

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9
Q

linear sequence of AA connected by peptide bonds.
-responsible for protein identity
-responsible for protein net electric charge

A

primary structure

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10
Q

bend form of proteins

A

secondary structure

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11
Q

3-dimensional conformation
- groups of AA binding in such a manner that alpha-helix and B-pleated sheets are formed through winding of polypeptide chains but not yet linked

A

secondary structure

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12
Q

folding patter of protein structure

A

tertiary structure

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13
Q

actual 3-D configuration
- responsible for protein FUNCTION physical and chemical properties

A

TERTIARY STRUCTURE

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14
Q

only protein with no quaternary structure

A

albumin

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15
Q

larger protein complex w/ precise 3D conformation

A

quaternary structure

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16
Q

unaffected by denaturation (regulated by strong covalent peptide bonds)

A

primary structure

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17
Q

affected by denaturation (no linage, only winding of alpha & beta units)

A

secondary structure

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18
Q

first to be affected by denaturation

A

tertiary structure

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19
Q

affected by denaturation (regulated by hydrogen, electrostatic interactions)

A

quaternary structure

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20
Q

forms of proteins are affected by the positioning of its epitopes and is easily changed by denaturation

A

conformational
proteins

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21
Q

are not affected by neither of the positioning of the epitopes nor denaturation.

A

non-conformational proteins

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22
Q

only contains AA linked by peptide chains and only yield AA acids upon hydrolysis acc to shape

A

simple proteins

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23
Q

elongated insoluble and less denatured

A

fibrous proteins

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24
Q

spherical, soluble, and more easily denatured

A

globular proteins

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25
Q

vertical proteins
-regulate biomolecule diffusion

A

transmembrane proteins

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26
Q

horizontal proteins
- integrity of membrane

A

cytoskeleton proteins

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27
Q

combinations of AA + non-protein prosthetic group like carbs and lipids

A

conjugated proteins

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28
Q

only one peptide chain
ex: cysteine

A

monomeric

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29
Q

2 or more peptide chain
ex: glutathione

A

multimeric

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30
Q

building blocks of proteins

A

AA

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31
Q

acidic/basic

A

ampholite

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32
Q

ability to react to acids and basis

A

amphoteric

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33
Q

(-) / (+) net charge

A

zwitterion

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34
Q

AA acid that are not naturally synthesized by the body, thus need to be supplied dietarily

A

essential AA

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35
Q

AA for children

A

10

36
Q

AA for adults

A

9

37
Q

essential for children, not for adults

A

arginine

38
Q

what are the essential AAs

A

tryptophan
phenylalanine
histidine
isoleucine
leucine
lysine
arginine
methionine
threonine
valine

39
Q

fastest and most abundant serum protein

A

albumin

40
Q

2nd fastest serum proteins

A

A1- globulin

41
Q

pre-beta globulin serum protein

A

A2- globulin

42
Q

slowest and 2nd most abundant serum protein

A

G-globulin

43
Q

most important use of SPE is to detect?

A

monoclonal gammopathy

44
Q

multiple myeloma

A

gamma spike

45
Q

hepatic cirrhosis

A

beta gamma bridging

46
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

alpha 2 spike

47
Q

juvenile cirrhosis

A

alpha 1 flat

48
Q

condition which there is a decreased albumin levels, but normal globulin levels

A

hypoalbuminemia

49
Q

can cause all levels of proteins to be elevated due to relative decrease of fluid solvent

A

dehydration

50
Q

can cause all levels of proteins to be elevated except the negative phase reactant (NPRs)

A

inflammation

51
Q

is one way the body uses to protect itself from invasion by foreign organisms and to repair wound to tx

A

inflammation

52
Q

RUBUR

A

redness

53
Q

CALOR

A

heat

54
Q

DOLOR

A

pain

55
Q

TUMOR

A

swelling

56
Q

FUNCTIO LAESA

A

loss of function

57
Q

proteins that decrease during inflammation
-also used as markers for inflammation

A

NPRs
(negative phase reactants)

58
Q

proteins produced by the hepatocytes, increase 25% during inflammation

A

APRs

59
Q

average response time for APRs

A

12-24 hrs

60
Q

give example of NPRs

A

pre-albumin
ALBUMIN
transferrin

61
Q

opsonization and complement activation

A

C-reactive proteins

62
Q

binds copper and oxidizes iron

A

ceruloplasmin

63
Q

activate monocytes and macrophages

A

serum amyloid A

64
Q

aka Transthyretin
- migrates ahead of albumin, rich in Tryptophan

A

PREALBUMIN

65
Q

general transport protein

A

albumin

66
Q

the most abundant plasma protein
- lowest levels are seen in nephrotic syndrome

A

albumin

67
Q

albumin transports what?

A

hormones
vitamins
electrolytes
drugs

68
Q

conversion factor for albumin

A

10

69
Q

conversion factor for prealbumin

A

10

70
Q

measured by subtracting albumin from total protein

A

globulins

71
Q

90% of alpha-1 globulin band (major component)
- major inhibitor of proteases (prevent self digestion)

A

alpha-1 antitrypsin

72
Q

aka orosomucoid
-greatest affinity to progesterone binds to cardioactive drugs

A

alpha-1 acid glycoprotein

73
Q

alpha-1 acid glycoprotein remains negatively charged even in acidic solution, at what pH?

A

2.7 pH

74
Q

most abundant protein in fetal serum

A

alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

75
Q

reference value for HEPATIC CARCINOMA

A

> 1000 ng/mL

76
Q

aka alpha-1 x
- serine protease w/ cathepsin G
-secreted by liver only
-increased in Alzheimer’s disease

A

alpha-1 antichymotrypsin

77
Q

largest non-ig protein
-ONLY PROTEIN THAT INCREASES (10X) DURING NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

A

Alpha-2 macroglobulin

78
Q

binds free hgb in its alpha chain
- evaluate IVH and RHD

A

haptoglobin

79
Q

ONLY PLASMA PROTEIN WITH ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY
-marker of wilson’s disease

A

CERULOPLASMIN

80
Q

excess copper deposits in the skin eyes and the brain but decrease in plasma levels

A

wilson’s disease

81
Q

defective copper absorption causing decreased levels in the serum and liver

A

menkes kinky hair syndrome

82
Q

major component of HLA (MHC CLASS 1)
- COMMON CAUSE OF DIALYSIS ASSOCIATED AMYLOIDOSIS

A

HEMOPEXIN

83
Q

AKA siderophilin
- 90% of beta-2 globulin band

A

transferrin

84
Q

most potent APR
- bind to C-polysaccharide of pneumococci
-general scavenger molecule

A

C-reactive protein

85
Q

synthesized by plasma cells
- only plasma protein not produced by the liver

A

immunoglobulins

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