CC LIPIDS Flashcards
two building blocks of lipids
glycerol, FA
lipids are considered to yield the ____and also provide stablity to cell membranes
highest source of energy
lipids are ___ to blood and water
insoluble
lipids are biomolecules that requires special transport mechanism known as?
lipoproteins
largest least dense, transports exogenous TAGs back to the liver
chylomicrons
transports endogenous TAGs from the liver towards the peripheral cells
VLDL
smallest most dense transports back excess cholesterol to the liver
HDL
transports and distributes cholesterol to the peripheral tx
LDL
what are the 5 major lipids in the body?
phospholipid
cholesterol
TAG
fatty acids
vit A, D, E, K
lipid soluble vitamins, tested for liver synthetic function
vit A, D, E, K
constituent of TAG and cholesterol
fatty acids
routinely tested type of lipids
TAG, cholesterol
most abundant lipids, and not routinely tested
phospholipid
lipids are always extracted using _ before you analyze them
bloor’s reagent
play an important role in many metabolic processes
lipids
a condition of deposition of plaques in the blood vessels
atherosclerosis
is useful in evaluation of risk status for CHD
lipid profile
what lipoprotein is used for routine lipid profile?
HDL-C
LDL-C
TAG
simplest lipids in the serum
fatty acids
conversion factor of FA
there is no conversion factor for FA
reference value of FA
9-15 mg/dL
most abundant type of lipids
-amphipathic
- independent risk factor for atherosclerosis
phospholipids
phospholipids originates in the liver and intestines but can be produced by ?
type II pneumocytes in the form of lamellar bodies
2 forms of phosphilipids?
lecithin
sphingomyelin
aka phosphatidylcholine
pulmonary lubricant
synthesized by baby till birth
lecithin (70%)
the only form of phospholipid which is not glycerol-derived and is a pulmonary surfactant
-synthesized only during the first trimester
sphingomyelin (20%)
phosphatidyl ethanolamine
phosphatidyl serine
cephalin (10%)
is an important components in RBC and Neurons
sphingomyelin
sphingomyelin is increased in px w/ ?
Niemann-pick disease
serves as reference material during 3rd trimester
sphingomyelin
conversion factor for TAG
0.01L
main storage form of lipids
increased in cases of PANCREATITIS
TRIACYLGLYCEROL
TRIACYLGLYCEROL is stored in?
adipose tx
normal reference value for TRIACYLGLYCEROL
<150 mg/dL
borderline high reference value for TRIACYLGLYCEROL
150-199 mg/dL
high reference value for TRIACYLGLYCEROL and has a presence of milky serum
200-499 mg/dL
Very high reference value for TRIACYLGLYCEROL and has a presence of milky serum
> 500 mg/dL
two sources of TAG
chylomicrons
VLDL
TAG at risk of CHD due to atherogenic VLDL remnants
≥ 200 md/dL
TAG is tested in adults at least?
once every 5 yrs
end color for Van handel and zilversmith method
(+) pink compound
steps in modified Van handel and zilversmith method
step 1: extraction
step 2: adsorption
step 3: hydrolysis
step 4: oxidation
is used to remove phospholipids from the chloroform extract
sialic acid
recommended levels of triglycerides, serum for Male adults, after 12-hour fast
40-160 mg/dL
recommended levels of triglycerides, serum for female adults, after 12-hour fast
35-135 mg/dL
major interference in enzymatic methods
glycerol
routine at 340 nm
after hydrolysis of TAG into FA and glycerol, it is followed by phosphorylation if glycerol to glycerophosphate
glycerol kinase method
fasting for TAG
10-12 hrs
most atherogenic lipid substance (never metabolized)
it does not serve as source of fuel
-mostly synthesized exclusively by animals in the liver
cholesterol
most abundant form of cholesterol and is bound to fatty acids
-non amphipathic
-can undergo esterification
cholesterol ester
polar, non-esterified form of cholesterol
free cholesterol
desirable level of total cholesterol
< 200
high level of total cholesterol
≥ 240
salt regulating hormone
aldosterone
hyperglycemic hormone
cortisol
male reproductive hormone
testosterone
female reproductive hormone
estradiol
very high level of LDL-cholesterol
≥ 190
optimal level of LDL-cholesterol
< 100
separate through hydrolysis
saponification
combine through dehydration synthesis
esterification
decreased cholesterol and
decreased TAG
hyperthyroidism
increased cholesterol and increased TAGs
hypothyroidism
dehydration and oxidation reaction to form a colored compound
colorimetric
end product for Liebermann Burchardt
cholestadienyl mono sulfonic acid (green)
end product for salkowski
cholestadienyl disulfonic acid (red)
steps in Abell-kendal method
step 1: extraction
step 2: saponification
step 3: purification
step 4: colorimetry
is the stored energy used during fasting
TAG
average total daily fat
60-139 grams
patients 50-60 yrs old increased TAG for __ per year
2 mg/dL
