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REVIEW > CC LIPIDS > Flashcards

CC LIPIDS Flashcards

1
Q

two building blocks of lipids

A

glycerol, FA

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2
Q

lipids are considered to yield the ____and also provide stablity to cell membranes

A

highest source of energy

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3
Q

lipids are ___ to blood and water

A

insoluble

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4
Q

lipids are biomolecules that requires special transport mechanism known as?

A

lipoproteins

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5
Q

largest least dense, transports exogenous TAGs back to the liver

A

chylomicrons

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6
Q

transports endogenous TAGs from the liver towards the peripheral cells

A

VLDL

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7
Q

smallest most dense transports back excess cholesterol to the liver

A

HDL

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8
Q

transports and distributes cholesterol to the peripheral tx

A

LDL

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9
Q

what are the 5 major lipids in the body?

A

phospholipid
cholesterol
TAG
fatty acids
vit A, D, E, K

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10
Q

lipid soluble vitamins, tested for liver synthetic function

A

vit A, D, E, K

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11
Q

constituent of TAG and cholesterol

A

fatty acids

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12
Q

routinely tested type of lipids

A

TAG, cholesterol

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13
Q

most abundant lipids, and not routinely tested

A

phospholipid

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14
Q

lipids are always extracted using _ before you analyze them

A

bloor’s reagent

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15
Q

play an important role in many metabolic processes

A

lipids

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16
Q

a condition of deposition of plaques in the blood vessels

A

atherosclerosis

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17
Q

is useful in evaluation of risk status for CHD

A

lipid profile

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18
Q

what lipoprotein is used for routine lipid profile?

A

HDL-C
LDL-C
TAG

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19
Q

simplest lipids in the serum

A

fatty acids

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20
Q

conversion factor of FA

A

there is no conversion factor for FA

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21
Q

reference value of FA

A

9-15 mg/dL

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22
Q

most abundant type of lipids
-amphipathic
- independent risk factor for atherosclerosis

A

phospholipids

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23
Q

phospholipids originates in the liver and intestines but can be produced by ?

A

type II pneumocytes in the form of lamellar bodies

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24
Q

2 forms of phosphilipids?

A

lecithin
sphingomyelin

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25
Q

aka phosphatidylcholine
pulmonary lubricant
synthesized by baby till birth

A

lecithin (70%)

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26
Q

the only form of phospholipid which is not glycerol-derived and is a pulmonary surfactant
-synthesized only during the first trimester

A

sphingomyelin (20%)

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27
Q

phosphatidyl ethanolamine
phosphatidyl serine

A

cephalin (10%)

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28
Q

is an important components in RBC and Neurons

A

sphingomyelin

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29
Q

sphingomyelin is increased in px w/ ?

A

Niemann-pick disease

30
Q

serves as reference material during 3rd trimester

A

sphingomyelin

31
Q

conversion factor for TAG

A

0.01L

32
Q

main storage form of lipids
increased in cases of PANCREATITIS

A

TRIACYLGLYCEROL

33
Q

TRIACYLGLYCEROL is stored in?

A

adipose tx

34
Q

normal reference value for TRIACYLGLYCEROL

A

<150 mg/dL

35
Q

borderline high reference value for TRIACYLGLYCEROL

A

150-199 mg/dL

36
Q

high reference value for TRIACYLGLYCEROL and has a presence of milky serum

A

200-499 mg/dL

37
Q

Very high reference value for TRIACYLGLYCEROL and has a presence of milky serum

A

> 500 mg/dL

38
Q

two sources of TAG

A

chylomicrons
VLDL

39
Q

TAG at risk of CHD due to atherogenic VLDL remnants

A

≥ 200 md/dL

40
Q

TAG is tested in adults at least?

A

once every 5 yrs

41
Q

end color for Van handel and zilversmith method

A

(+) pink compound

42
Q

steps in modified Van handel and zilversmith method

A

step 1: extraction
step 2: adsorption
step 3: hydrolysis
step 4: oxidation

43
Q

is used to remove phospholipids from the chloroform extract

A

sialic acid

44
Q

recommended levels of triglycerides, serum for Male adults, after 12-hour fast

A

40-160 mg/dL

45
Q

recommended levels of triglycerides, serum for female adults, after 12-hour fast

A

35-135 mg/dL

46
Q

major interference in enzymatic methods

A

glycerol

47
Q

routine at 340 nm
after hydrolysis of TAG into FA and glycerol, it is followed by phosphorylation if glycerol to glycerophosphate

A

glycerol kinase method

48
Q

fasting for TAG

A

10-12 hrs

49
Q

most atherogenic lipid substance (never metabolized)
it does not serve as source of fuel
-mostly synthesized exclusively by animals in the liver

A

cholesterol

50
Q

most abundant form of cholesterol and is bound to fatty acids
-non amphipathic
-can undergo esterification

A

cholesterol ester

51
Q

polar, non-esterified form of cholesterol

A

free cholesterol

52
Q

desirable level of total cholesterol

A

< 200

53
Q

high level of total cholesterol

A

≥ 240

54
Q

salt regulating hormone

A

aldosterone

55
Q

hyperglycemic hormone

A

cortisol

56
Q

male reproductive hormone

A

testosterone

57
Q

female reproductive hormone

A

estradiol

58
Q

very high level of LDL-cholesterol

A

≥ 190

59
Q

optimal level of LDL-cholesterol

A

< 100

60
Q

separate through hydrolysis

A

saponification

61
Q

combine through dehydration synthesis

A

esterification

62
Q

decreased cholesterol and
decreased TAG

A

hyperthyroidism

63
Q

increased cholesterol and increased TAGs

A

hypothyroidism

64
Q

dehydration and oxidation reaction to form a colored compound

A

colorimetric

65
Q

end product for Liebermann Burchardt

A

cholestadienyl mono sulfonic acid (green)

66
Q

end product for salkowski

A

cholestadienyl disulfonic acid (red)

67
Q

steps in Abell-kendal method

A

step 1: extraction
step 2: saponification
step 3: purification
step 4: colorimetry

68
Q

is the stored energy used during fasting

A

TAG

69
Q

average total daily fat

A

60-139 grams

70
Q

patients 50-60 yrs old increased TAG for __ per year

A

2 mg/dL

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