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CC > CC DAY-2- Diabetes Mellitus > Flashcards

CC DAY-2- Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards

1
Q

group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin receptors or both

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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2
Q

in severe DM, ratio of B-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate is:

A

6:1

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3
Q

women 45 years and older are recommended to be screened for diabetes every ________

A

every 3 years

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4
Q

early sign of diabetic nephropathy

A

Microalbuminuria

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5
Q

non known etiology and strongly inherited

A

Idiopathic Type 1 DM

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6
Q

is the onset of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy due to metabolic or hormonal changes

A

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

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7
Q

Screening of GDM is performed with pregnant women without known prior diabetes:

A

24 and 28 weeks of gestation

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8
Q

screening of GDM to women with history of GDM:

A

LIFELONG screening for diabetes or prediabetes every >_3 years

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9
Q

women with diabetes in the first trimester have ____

A

type 2 diabetes

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10
Q

GDM is diagnosed at what trimester?

A

second or third trimester

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11
Q

75-g OGTT

Diagnosis is confirmed when plasma glucose levels meet or exceed:

fasting:
1 hour:
2 hour:

A

92 mg/dl
180
153

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12
Q

100-g OGTT

Diagnosis is confirmed when plasma glucose levels meet or exceed:

fasting:
1 hour:
2 hour:
3 hour:

A

95 mg/dl
180
155
140

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12
Q

requested during insulin shock and hyperglycemic ketonic coma

A

RBS

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13
Q

color change read by reflectance photometry

A

POCT

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14
Q

2-Hr post prandial

normal value: ___
diabetic: ____

A

<140 mg/dl
>180 mg/dl

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15
Q

index for long term plasma glucose control 2-3 months

A

HBA1C

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16
Q

products of fat decomposition

A

ketones

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17
Q

test recommended when plasma glucose reaches 300 mg/dl

A

ketone test

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18
Q

3 ketone bodies

A

acetone 2%
acetoacetic acid 20%
3-B-hydroxybutyric acid 78%

19
Q

specimen for ketone test

A

serum or urine

20
Q

fasting req in OGTT

A

10-12 HOURS

21
Q

Reflection of short term glucose control (2-3 weeks)

A

Fructosamine

22
Q

blood samples are collected im 30, 60, 120 minutes

A

lactose tolerance test

23
Q

an optional 5-hour stool specimen can be collected, and its apperance, consistency, and pH noted

A

lactose tolerance test

24
Q

formed during conversion of pro-insulin to insulin

A

C-peptide test

25
Q

C-Peptide test is

increased in: (3)
decreased in: (1)

A

-Type 2 DM, Insulinoma, ingestion of hypoglycemic drugs

-Type 1 DM

26
Q

mainly evaluates hypoglycemia and continuous assessment of insulin secretion

A

C-Peptide test

27
Q

Procedure in Tolbutamide Tolerance test:

A

Fasting blood sample is collected after overnight fasting followed by INTRAVENOUS/IV BOLUS administration of 1g Sodium Tolbutamide in 10 mL sterile water over a 2-min period.

28
Q

chemical method that utilizes the nonspecific reducing property of glucose

A

Alkaline Copper Reduction method

29
Q

in Alkaline Copper Reduction method, glucose is _________ because of the presence of other reducing substances such as urea

A

5-15 mg/dL higher

30
Q

arsenomolybdic acid

A

Nelson-Somogyi

31
Q

phosphomolybdate

A

Folin-wu

32
Q

modification of Folin-wu

A

Benedicts method

33
Q

use citrate or tartrate as stabilizing agents

A

Benedicts method

34
Q

ferric reduction method

A

hagedorn jensen

35
Q

condensation of carbohydrates with aromatic amines producing schiffs bases green

A

Ortho-toluidine

36
Q

Non-enzymathic methods of glucose measurements (7)

A

Alkaline Copper Reduction method
Nelson-Somogyi
Folin-wu
Benedicts method
hagedorn jensen
Ortho-toluidine
Neocuproine method

37
Q

measures beta-D-glucose

A

Glucose oxidase

38
Q

most specific and reference method of glucose measurements

A

Hexokinase

39
Q

Hexokinase is based on formation of _____ followed by increase in absorbance at _____

A

NADH
340 nm

40
Q

is a defect of fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase B activity in the liver, kidney and intestine

A

Hereditary fructose intolerance

41
Q

GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE

Von Gierke

A

Glucose-6-phosphatase

42
Q

GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE

pompes

A

Lysosomal 1,4 glucosidase

43
Q

GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE

Cori forbes

A

Debranching enzyme (liver and muscle)

44
Q

GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE

Andersens disease/ amylopectinosis

A

Branching enzyme

45
Q

GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE

McArdle

A

Muscle phosphorylase

46
Q

GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE

Hers disease

A

Glycogen phosphorylase (liver)

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