CC DA2- Carbohydrates

Question 1

hydrates of aldehyde or ketone derivatives based on the location of the carboxyl functional group

Answer 1

carbohydrates

Question 2

what is the simplest carbohydrate

Answer 2

Glycol aldehyde

Question 3

ONLY carbohydrate to be used in energy

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

a. Reducing sugars: (5)
b. Non-reducing sugars: (2)

Answer 4

a. Galactose, Fructose, Glucose, Lactose, Maltose
b. Sucrose (do not contain aldehyde and ketone group), Trehalose

Question 5

Produced by the beta cells to the pancreatic islets of langerhans

Answer 5

Insulin

Question 6

promotes the entry of glucose into liver, muscle and adipose tissue to be stored as glycogen and fat

Answer 6

Insulin

Question 7

synthesized by delta cells of the pancreatic islets of langerhans

Answer 7

somatostatin

Question 8

inhibits secretion of insulin, glucagon and growth hormone resulting in an increase in plasma glucose level

Answer 8

somatostatin

Question 8

insulin antagonists

Answer 8

growth hormone

Question 9

decreases glucose entry to cells, increases glycolysis

Answer 9

growth hormone

Question 10

releases cortisol

Answer 10

ACTH

Question 11

Cortisol stimulates :

Answer 11

Gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, Glycogenolysis

Question 12

Epinephrine stimulates :

Answer 12

lipolysis, Glycogenolysis

Question 13

Glucagon stimulates :

Answer 13

Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenolysis

“GGG”

Question 14

physical and emotional stress causes increases secretion of:

Answer 14

Epinephrine

Question 15

Secreted by the adrenal glands

Answer 15

Cortisol

Question 16

Secreted by the medulla of adrenal glands

Answer 16

Epinephrine

Question 17

Secreted by the alpha cells

Answer 17

Glucagon

Question 18

Thyroxine stimulates:

Answer 18

Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenolysis

Question 19

Secreted by the thyroid gland:

Answer 19

Thyroxine

Question 20

metabolism of glucose to lactate or pyruvate for energy

Answer 20

glycolysis

Question 21

formation of glucose-6-phosphatase from non-carbohydrate source

Answer 21

gluconeogenesis

Question 22

breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy

Answer 22

Glycogenolysis

Question 23

conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage

Answer 23

Glycogenesis

Question 24

conversion of carbohydrates to fatty acids

Answer 24

Lipogenesis

Question 25

Decomposition of fat

Answer 25

Lipolysis

Question 26

Product of:

a. glycolysis
b. gluconeogenesis
c. glycogenolysis
d. glycogenesis
e. lipogenesis
f. lipolysis

Answer 26

a. lacte, pyruvate + ATP
b. Glucose, Ketones, Urea nitrogen
c. glucose
d. glycogen
e. fatty acids
f. Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 27

SUBSTRATE of:

a. glycolysis
b. gluconeogenesis
c. glycogenolysis
d. glycogenesis
e. lipogenesis
f. lipolysis

Answer 27

a. Glucose
b. Amino acids, lactate, glycerol
c. glycogen
d. glucose
e. glucose
f. Triglycerides

Question 28

hypoglycemic agent

Answer 28

insulin

Question 29

hyperglycemic agent

Answer 29

glucagon

Question 30

is an increase in blood glucose concentration

Answer 30

hyperglycemia

Question 31

toxic to beta cell function and impairs insulin secretion

Answer 31

hyperglycemia

Question 32

FBS level of hyperglycemia:

Answer 32

greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL

Question 33

occurs when plasma glucose level exceeds 160-180 mg/dL with normal renal function

Answer 33

Glucosuria

Question 34

results from an imbalance between glucose utilization and production

Answer 34

hypoglycemia

Question 35

diagnosis of hypoglycemia should not be made unless a patient meets the criteria of ____

Answer 35

Whipple’s triad

Question 36

Diagnostic test for hypoglycemia:

Answer 36

5 hour glucose tolerance test

Question 37

____mg/dl : strongly suggest HYPOGLYCEMIA

Answer 37

60 mg/dl

Question 38

____mg/dl : observable symptoms of
HYPOGLYCEMIA appear

Answer 38

50-55 mg/dl