Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology > CB7 animal coordination,control and homeosthasis > Flashcards

CB7 animal coordination,control and homeosthasis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

where are hormones produced

A

in endocrine glands- these glands make up your endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are hormones transported via

A

the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where do hormones affect

A

particular cells in particular organs called target organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do hormones control in organs and cells

A

things that need constant adjustment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what hormone does the pituitary gland produce

A

growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does growth hormone do

A

causes growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which gland produces insulin

A

the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does insulin do

A

controls blood sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what hormone does the adrenal glands produce

A

adrenalin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does adrenalin do

A

prepares body for action - fight flight or freeze mode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which hormones do the ovaries produce

A

oestrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do oestregon and progesterone do

A

sex charechteristics in women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which gland produces testosterone

A

the testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does testosterone do

A

sex charechteristics in men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what hormone does the thyroid gland produce

A

thyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does thyroxine do

A

involved in regulating things like rate of metablosim, heart rate and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

name a target organ of adrenaline

A

the heart where it increases heart rate, and organs in the circulatory and respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what happens to a hormone after it has been used

A

it is destroyed by the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

effects of adrenaline

A

increased breathing rate, heart rate, flow of blood to muscles, conversion of glycogen to glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

target organ of insulin

A

the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why is the pituitary gland known as the master gland

A

it secretes hormones into the blood in response to the bodys condition e.g. blood water levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does the hypothalamus detect

A

changes in hormone levels and will release hormones which control the pituitary gland or other organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how does adrenaline prepare the body for fight or flight mode

A

activates processes that increase the supply of oxygen and glucose to cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

why does adrenaline bind to specific receptors in the heart

A

causes the heart muscles to contract more frequently and with more force so heart rate and blood pressure increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what happens in the process of adrenaline causing fight or flight mode after heart rate and blood pressure increases

A

increases blood flow to the muscles so the cells receive more oxygen and glucose for increased respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

why does adrenaline also bind to receptors in the liver

A

causes the liver to break down its glycogen stores to release glucose- this increases blood glucose level so theres more glucose in the blood to be transported to cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is homeostasis

A

the maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is a negative feedback system

A

a mechanism to lower raised levels of something and to raise reduced levels of something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

an example of a negative feedback system in the body

A

the control of body temperature which is controlled by the hypothalamus in your brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

why are negative feedback systems important in living organisms

A

they make sure conditions such as water concentration, temperature and glucose concentration are kept constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

how does thyroxine stimulate metabolic rate

A

it controls the speed at which oxygen and food products react to release energy for the body to use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

which two things have important roles in detecting and controlling thyroxin levels

A

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is TRH

A

thyroptin releasing hormone produced by he hypothalamus in response to a lack of thyroxine in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone produced by the pituitary gland in response to TRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what happens if there are low thyroxine levels in the bloodstream

A

stimulate the hypothalamus to release TRH and this causes the pituitary to release TSHso the thyroid releases more thyroxin so levels return to normal

36
Q

what happens if there are normal thyroxine levels in the bloodstream

A

inhibit TRH release from the hypothalamus and the production of TSH by the pituitary so normal blood levels are maintained

37
Q

how does thyroxine effect metabolic rate

A

it controls the speed at which oxygen and food products react to release energy for the body to use

38
Q

what is metabloic rate

A

the speed at which oxygen and food products react to release energy for the body to use

39
Q

what is a hormone

A

a chemical substance produced by a gland and carried by the blood which alters the activity of specific target organs

40
Q

what happens in days 5-7 of the menstrual cycle

A

pituitary gland starts to release FSH which is then carried round the body and picked up by receptors on cells of the ovaries

41
Q

what do the follicles do in response to the release of FSH

A

start to mature and one will grow faster than the others

42
Q

what happens between days 7 and 13 of the menstrual cycle

A 
the egg (ova) signals to ovaries as it develops
ovaries start to produce hormone oestregon -causes womb lining to build up
43
Q

how do high oetregoen levels affect the pituitary gland

A

makes pituitary gland stop producing FSH to make sure that only one egg is released

44
Q

what happens at around day 14 of the menstrual cycle

A

brain detects high oestregon production and produces LH - luetanising hormone triggers ovulation

45
Q

what happen between days 16 and 28 of the menstrual cycle

A

progesterone is produced by empty follicle the egg has left, progesterone maintains uterus lining and stops production of LH in the pituitary

46
Q

what happens if the egg isnt fertilised

A

the follicle stops producing levels of oestergon and progesterone

47
Q

what day of the menstrual cycle does menstruation happen

A

day 28

48
Q

what does oestregon do in the menstrual cycle

A

causes the uterus lining to build

49
Q

what does progesterone donin the menstrual cycle

A

maintains the uterus lining

50
Q

what does FSH do in mentsrual cycle

A

causes the maturation of an egg in the ovary

51
Q

what does leutanising hormone do

A

stimulates the release of an egg

52
Q

how can hormones be used as a method of contraception

A

high levels of oestregon will inhibit FSH production so after a while of taking the pill, egg development and release will stop and no egg means no baby

53
Q

side affects of hormonal contraception methods

A

changes in weight mood and blood pressure due to high levels of oestregon

54
Q

examples of physical methods of contraception

A

condoms and diaphragms - stop sperm from reaching the egg

55
Q

example of a surgery thats used as a method of contraception

A

a vasectomy where the sperm ducts are cut and tied

56
Q

whats a diaphgram or cervical cap

A

sits infront of uterus entrance- sperm can still get into vagina tho

57
Q

how does an itrauterine device work- IUD, coil

A

made of copper- copper kills the sperm- sits inside uterus- over 99% effective

58
Q

how does the oestergeon pill work

A

oestregon- used to prevent the release of an egg

side affects- weight gain hairloss etc..

59
Q

how does the progesterone pill work

A

reduces fertility- stimulates production of thick cervical mucus- prevents sperm getting through entrance of uterus

60
Q

inuaterine system - IUS hormonal coil

A

pumps out hormones instead of killing sperm

61
Q

how effective are condoms

A

98%

62
Q

advantages and disadvantages of IUDs

A

needs to be fitted by a health proffesional, can remain there for 10 yeras, small risk of an ectopic pregnancy

63
Q

what is assisted reproductive technology

A

use of hormones and procedures as fertiity treatment to help to achieve pregnancy

64
Q

examples of assisted reproductive technology

A

IVF and clomifene

65
Q

what is the first stage of IVF

A

giving a woman FSH and LH to stimulate the maturation of several eggs in the ovary

66
Q

second stage of IVF treatment

A

eggs aref collected from the woman and fertilised by the mans sperm in a petri dish in a lab

67
Q

what is the third stage of IVF

A

the eggs develop into embryos

68
Q

last stage of IVF

A

at stage where they are tiny balls of cells one or two embryos are inserted into womans uterus

69
Q

what is clomifene used for

A

as a drug to stimulate ovulation

70
Q

how does clomifene work

A

by blocking the action of oestergons negative feedback loop on LH, so more LH is released in a surge, this mimics the LH surge that occurs before ovulation

71
Q

what is homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body

72
Q

which two main systems in your body control homeostasis

A

the nervous system and the endocrine system

73
Q

why is a consistent internal environment important

A

so that the body functions effectively and stays at its optimum temp (37dc)

74
Q

what is insulin

A

a hormone produced by the pancreas which regulates glucose concentration in the blood

75
Q

how do low glucose levels affect the pancreas

A

insulin not secreted into the blood

76
Q

how do low glucose levels then effect the liver

A

does not convert glucose into glycogen- causes blood glucose levels to increase

77
Q

how do high glucose levels effect the pancreas

A

insulin is secreted into the blood

78
Q

how do high glucose levels affect the liver

A

liver converts glucose into glycogen- causes blood glucose levels to decrease

79
Q

how is type 1 diabetes caused

A

when the bodys immune system attacks the pancreas, destroying cells that produce insulin- so the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin

80
Q

how can type 1 diabetes be controlled

A

monitoring blood sugar levels and injecting insulin
be careful with their diet, eat foods that wont cause large increases in blood sugar level and excersising can lower blood glucose levels due to invcreased respiration in muscles

81
Q

how does glycogen help regulate blood glucose concentration

A

if levels are too low the pancreas releases hormone glucagon- this travels to the liver in blood and causes the break down of glycogen into glucose- this enters blood stream levels return to normal

82
Q

how is type 2 diabetes caused

A

the persons body cells no longer respind to insulin by the pancreas

83
Q

how can type 2 diabetes be controlled

A

by a carbohydrate controlled diet -carbohydrate digested into glucose- raises overall blood glucose level. and an excercise regime

84
Q

what is the correlation between body mass and type 2 diabetes

A

people overweight or obese have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes

85
Q

how are BMI and wasit:hip ratios related to body mass

A

bigger body mass the higher they will be

86
Q

correlation between body mass and type 2 diabettes

A

higher body mass means an increased chance

biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions