Cause and Effect Flashcards
the fact that one event (x) occurred before some other event (y) DOES or DOES NOT indicate that x caused y?
does not
what does author assume when making a cause and effect claim?
that claim is correct and there could not be an alternative explanation for observed events
if an assumption states that taking away the cause takes away the effect, does that weaken or strengthen a cause and effect argument
strengthen support for the cause and effect claim
what is the error of co-occurrence?
we assume that cause two events occur simultaneously, that they are linked
what does an answer choice do that negates an alternative explanation for the conclusion/claim? strengthen or weaken
strengthen
for an argument that concludes that a causes b, if an answer choice states that the relationship is reveresed (i.e. b causes a), what does that answer choice do to the argument? weaken or strengthen
weaken
what does showing that there is an alternative cause for a proposed cause and effect claim do to the argument?
weaken
identifying a common cause C for two events A, and B that an author claims have a causal relationship (for example, A causes B) does what to the strength of the argument? weakens or strengthens?
weakens
for cause and effect, if an answer choice shows that a certain cause can occur without the effect, what does that do to the argument of a cause and effect claim? weaken or strengthen or no effect?
weakens
for cause and effect, if an answer choice shows that a certain effect can occur without the cause, what does that do to the argument of a cause and effect claim? weaken or strengthen or no effect?
weakens
do the following three strategies strength or weaken a cause and effect claim?
- rule out alternative cause
- showing that when the cause is not present the effect does not occur
- showing that the relationship cannot be reversed
strengthen
