Cations & Anions Flashcards
What are Cations?
positively charged ions
What are Anions?
negatively charged ions
What are all of the cations?
calcium ions (Ca2+) magnesium (Mg2+) sodium ions (Na+) potassium ions (K+) hydrogen ions (H+) ammonium ions (NH4+)
What are all of the anions?
nitrate (No3-) hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO3-) chloride ions (Cl-) phosphate ions (PO43-) hydroxide ions (OH-)
What are calcium ions?
cause vesicles to fuse with membranes (exocytosis)
activate enzymes (ATPase in muscle contraction = cofactor)
What is magnesium?
absorbed by plants from the soil for making chlorophyll for photosynthesis
What are sodium ions?
nerve impulses
osmoregulation / water potential of blood
What are potassium ions?
nerve impulses
What are hydrogen ions?
control pH - the more H+ = more acidic
proton gradients essential for making ATP in photosynthesis and respiration
What are ammonium ions?
soluble form of nitrogen absorbed by plants to make proteins, DNA, RNA, amino acids, ATP
What is nitrate?
solublee form of nitrogen absorbed by plants from soil to make proteins, amino acids, DNA, ETC.
What is hydrogen carbonate ions?
balance the pH of the blood by absorbing H+ if blood is too acidic
What are chloride ions?
a cofactor in amylase
osmoregulation / water potential in blood
What are phosphate ions?
needed to make nucleotides, ATP, phospholipids, etc.
needed for photosynthesis and respiration
What are hydroxide ions?
control the pH
more OH- = more alkali
OH= + H+ -> H2O
