Category J: Parasites Flashcards
What type of fly lays its small yellowish eggs on the horse’s legs, mane, chest, shoulders, belly & chin?
Bot Fly
Which internal parasite usually causes tail rubbing?
Pinworms
Which adult parasite resembles a honey bee?
Bot Fly
Which sex of the horsefly bites the horse?
Female
Which insect does the horse bot fly resemble?
Honey Bee
What is ringworm caused by?
Fungi
Which type of internal parasite is able to cause an embolism in horses?
Strongyles (Bloodworms)
What is another name of lice eggs?
Nits
How long can lice live when off the host animal?
3 Days
Which external parasite lays its eggs in wounds then hatches into maggots, which feed on dead tissue?
Blowfly
Name the two types of lice that affect horses.
Biting and Sucking
Why shouldn’t hay and grain be fed on the floor of the stall?
The feed can mix with fecal material which can contain parasite eggs or larvae.
What is caused by various species of fungi arranged in circles on the skin?
Ringworm
What is a plant or animal living on, in, or with another living animal that is used for it’s food and shelter?
Parasite
What is the living animal who provides shelter and food for a parasite called?
Host
Of the internal parasites, which one is usually the longest?
Ascarids (intestinal worms)
Which internal parasite is sometimes called blood worms?
Strongyles
What is it called when a drug is given to your horse to kill internal parasites within the horse’s body?
Worming or Deworming
Why shouldn’t you allow your horses to drink from barnyard pools and pasture water holes?
To avoid getting parasites
What is another name for the six-legged larvae of the tick?
Seed tick
Which internal parasite of the horse spends it’s adult life cycle outside of the horse?
Bots
Where do mites lay their eggs and reproduce?
Under the skin
How does a tick breathe?
By holes on its abdomen called spircles
which parasites are white-appearing worms with slender tails that cause horses to rub or scratch their tails?
pinworms
What is another term for stongyles?
blood worms
Internal parasites gain entry into the animal’s body in the form of eggs, larvae and what other form?
adults
what do we call the organism to which a parasite attaches itself?
host
which parasite causes mange?
mites
Name the fly that hovers about the horse, then quickly darts towards the animal and glues eggs to the hair in a matter of seconds.
bot fly
what are the two main types of strongyles?
large and small
which common insect does the adult bot resemble?
honey bee
which bot fly lays black eggs?
nose bot fly
which of the two main types of parasites is most likely to cause anemia?
internal parasites
what is a plant or living in,on, or with another living organism, at whose expense it obtains its food and shelter?
parasite
in which organ would bot larvae spend about 9 months maturing before passing out with the feces?
Stomach
mange can itch, have crusty scabs and make the hair fall out and is caused by which parasite?
mites
what problem is caused by a fungus that make circles on the skin that itch a lot?
ringworm
What will be kept under control by not feeding hay or grain on the ground, keeping stall cleaned, removing manure from pastures and paddocks, switching postures and deworming horses every 2 months?
parasites
What is the main diet of the tick?
blood
which of the 4 main types of internal parasites is the largest?
ascarids
what is another name for roundworms?
ascarids
which professional should you contact in order to develop a parasite control program for your stable?
veternarian
which external parasite is so small, a microscope is needed to identify it?
mites
what is the vector for lyme disease?
ticks
many veterinarians recommend deworming foals and weanlings how often?
every 30-60 days for the first year of life
how long is the life cycle of a mosquito?
10-14 days
Ia large population of blood sucking stable flies may cause several problems, name two.
Severe dermatitis, possible infections, secondary affects of blood loss, fractured leg bones from stomping.
adult horse flies are the intermediate host to which parasite?
Stomach worms (habronema)
what is the incubation time for bot eggs and what stimulates them to hatch?
incubation is 1 - 5 days, have one horse licks them
Lonestar, Rocky Mountain, American dog, Tropical and Spinose are all different types of what?
Ticks
organophosphates are used primarily to kill which parasite?
Bots
butcher tapeworms first occur in what two ages of horses?
weanlings and yearlings
which parasite can cause erosion on the tongue and gums of the horse?
Bot larvae
what is the foundation of any fly control program?
Good sanitation
what is the scientific name for the common horse bot fly?
Gastrophilus intestinalis
what is the most common physical form of administering antiparasitic compounds to horses?
paste
what two things are necessary for bot eggs to hatch?
friction and moisture
during which season are lice more of a problem for horses?
During winter
which part of the horse’s digestive system is affected by strongyles, pinworms and tapeworms?
Large intestine
How long does it take to complete the life cycle of a housefly?
1-2 weeks
Name the parasite that affects young foals through its dams milk by penetrating the foals skin.
Strongloids westeri (thread worms)
approximately how much money is spent per year on pest control?
270 million dollars
when should the treatment for bots be scheduled?
Fron mid too late summer and after a killing frost
how long does it take for a nymph to reach maturity?
Three to four weeks
In what 2 areas are adult pin worms most commonly founs?
Colon and rectum
Doubling the normal dose of pyrantel pamoate is an effective treatment for which parasite?
tape worms
What is the life cycle of a fly?
egg, larvae, pupa adult
What is the most successful way to control parasites?
Interrupt the parasites life cycle or have a good deworming program
Name 2 methods of purge deworming.
Paste, stomach tube and those using feed as a carrier for the compound
What type of test is used by your vet to determine the number and type of parasites found in your horse?
Fecal examination
Which intestinal parasite is not affected by the ‘continuous’ deworming program?
Bots
How should cattle grubs be removed from horses?
Surgically by a vet
What are the 2 basic methods of internal parasite reduction?
Management and chemical reaction
Oribatid mites are an intermediate host for which parasite?
Tape worms
Ascarids eggs will start to appear in the manure of foals at what age?
10-13 weeks
Threadworms (strongloides westeri) infections originate from what 2 sources in the foals environment?
By ingesting larvae in dam’s milk or by larvae present in bedding by penetrating foal’s skin
Which fly is so annoying to some horses that they may lose weight because they spend more time fighting this fly than grazing?
Bot fly
Infections or strongyloids westeri are most common in young foals of what ages?
From 4-47 days old
What is the main problem caused by threadworms?
Diarrhea
How long is the life cycle of the threadworm?
Less than 2 weeks
What are the large roundworms that primarily affect foals and young growing horses?
Ascarids (parascaris equorum)
Which of the major internal parasites of the horse has no migratory state after being ingested?
Pinworms
How many eggs will the adult female ascarid lay per day?
Up to 200,000
Strongyles occur in horses of all ages except one, name this age.
Neonatal foals
How many eggs does the strongyle female lay per day?
Several thousand eggs per day
How long is the average life cycle of the strongylus vulgaris?
6-7 months
How long is the average life cycle of strongylus equinus and edentatus?
8-11 months
What is the primary objective to a successful parasite control program?
Interruption of the parasite’s life cycle
why is it important to know the life cycle of various parasites?
To aid in proper prevention and treatment
Ringworm is caused by various species of fungi, arranged in circles on the skin. What is the usual treatment for ringworm?
Wash for lesions with soap and warm water to soften crusts, dry, paint with tincture of iodine daily for 1-2 weeks
what are the four life cycle stages of the fly?
Egg, Larvae, Pupa and adult
What is the main objective in a parasite control program?
Prevention
Which external parasite is responsible for carrying the disease, piroplasmosis?
Tick
How does rotating pastures frequently, aid in the control of internal parasites in horses?
It breaks the life cycle of the parasite
At what age do the female lice begin to lay eggs?
11-12 days old
How many species of bot flies are there?
Three
The red tick carries which disease that was first identified in the US in 1960?
African Horse Fever
The chorioptic type of mite may cause a foot mange resembling what?
Scratches
Symptoms of what parasite includes rubbing, biting, general unthriftiness and patches of skin denuded of hair?
Lice
When a horse suddenly begins to rub its tail against posts and other objects, what type of internal parasite would you check for?
Pinworms
Which parasite treatment consists of painting lesions with tincture of iodine daily for 1-2 weeks?
Ringworm
What is an insect vector?
An insect which carries and transmits disease-causing micro-organisms
Animals infected with mites, should be re-treated how often?
Every 7 days
What is an insect that carries and transmits disease causing micro organisms?
Insect vector
What is a maggot?
A soft bodied, grub-like, footless larva of an insect
What parasite would cause grayish crusts through which short hairs protrude in a circular pattern?
Ringworm
There are 2 main types of parasites which get their names from where they live on their host, what are the 2 main types of parasites?
External and Internal Parasites
Name 2 different kinds of external parasites.
Flies, lice, ticks, mites and fungus causing ringworm
What are the 2 main types of lice that get their names from how they obtain their food?
Biting and sucking lice
Name 2 different types of internal parasites.
Strongyles (bloodworms), ascarids (intestinal worms), stomach worms, pinworms, bot larva
What is the lodgement of an abnormal or foreign particle in a tube or canal of the circulatory system and that tube is too small to permit its passage?
Embolism
Which specific parasite carries African Horse Fever?
Red tick
Where do pinworms mature?
In the large intestine
Horses that bite or lick themselves where bot eggs are attached, cause what to happen?
Stimulates eggs to hatch
What are 3 methods used to apply treatments for lice?
Spray, sponge or dust your horse
How long does it take for lice to hatch?
11-20 days
Female mites lay 10-25 eggs during the laying period, how long is this laying period?
12-15 days
What is the average time span from the time a bot changes from a pupa into an adult?
15-17 days
What is the immature, worn-like form into which certain insects hatch from the egg?
Larva
what is the main difference between external and internal parasites?
External parasites live outside of the host and internal parasites live inside the host
Which internal parasite gains entry into the horse when the horse swallows infective larvae that have climbed to the upper parts of pasture grasses?
Strongyles
How many eggs does a female mite produce during their laying period?
10-25
Name 2 places where do ascarid larvae do the most damage?
Larva as it migrates through body tissue
A horse with mange has to be retreated how often to avoid reinfestation?
Every 7 days
Approximately how long are adult ascarids?
5-22 inches
In what organ of the horse’s body is the bot larva found?
Stomach
What is the most common treatment for stable flies?
Insecticides and pesticides
Which internal parasite is most likely to cause diarrhea, colic, blood clots or even death in horses?
Strongyles (blood worms) or ascarids
Fly control is most effective by doing what?
Removal of manure and decaying vegetable material
Which external parasite is responsible for carrying piroplasmosis?
Tick
What do the following flies have in common: horse fly, deer fly, stable fly, and horn fly?
They all bite and suck blood
Which 2 external parasites of teh horse are communicable to man?
Ringworm and mange mites
How many days does it take for lice eggs to hatch?
11-20 days
What is the name of the 2 larval forms of the blowfly?
Maggots and screw worms
what are 2 types of flies that feed on nasal and face secretions?
Horse fly and Face fly
Name the type of fly that creates problems when laying eggs in open wounds.
Blow fly
what is an intermediate, usually motionless form assumed by metabolic insects after the larval state and is maintained until the beginning of the adult stage?
Pupa
How can flies be prevented from breeding around a stable?
By keeping the surroundings free of manure, wet straw and bedding
What is another name for strongyloides westeri?
Thread worms
Which internal parasite lays the most eggs per day?
Ascarids (up to 200,000)
What is another term for thread worms?
Strongyloides westeri
How long is the average life span of an ascarid?
About 3 months
Which internal parasite is transferred to the young foal through the dam’s milk or by larvae in the bedding that penetrate the foal’s skin?
Thread worms (strongyloides westeri)
what is another term for the common bot fly?
Gasterophilus intestinalis
What is another term for the throat or chin bot fly?
Gasterophilus nasalis
What is another term for the nose bot fly?
Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis
What is the large roundworm that primarily affects young horses?
Ascarids
How long do bot larvae remain in the stomach maturing before being passed out in the manure?
9 months
What is a reduction in the hemoglobin of the red blood cells with a deficiency of oxygen in the blood?
Anemia
What is the term for a substance capable of destroying or eliminating parasitic worms?
Anthelmintic
What is a soft-bodied grub like, footless larvae of an insect?
Maggot
What term describes the casting off or shedding of hair, feathers, horns or outer layer of skin then replacing it with new growth?
Molting
When is the best to give an anthelmintic to break the life cycle of the bot?
Mid to late summer and again a couple of weeks after the first frost
Which internal parasite may cause young foals to become dehydrated and develop chronic diarrhea?
Strongyloides westeri (thread worms)
Which of the 3 main types of large strongyles do the most damage?
Strongylus vulgaris
Older horses develop an immunity to which internal parasite as the horse matures?
Ascarids
Since these parasites target young horses, it may be necessary to deworm every 2 months for this particular parasite for the first year of the horse’s life. Name the parasite.
Ascarids
Which parasite’s eggs are very resistant to the environment and they may remain infective for years and affect young horses the most?
Ascarids
Where does the pinworm mature in the horse?
Large intestine
Name a practice that will help eliminate parasite during warm weather because it exposes eggs and larvae to the killing affects of the sun.
Harrowing or dragging pastures
The veterinarian may evaluate the effectivness or resistance to dewormers by using what method?
Fecal parasite egg count
Based on the chemical composition of a dewormer, it is a food practice to do what in order to reduce resistance to the ingredients?
Alternate deworming products based on their chemical composition
Why is it necessary to know the different chemical compositions of various deworming products?
Specific chemicals are used to treat specific parasites and there are many brand names for the same chemical dewormers
Why is it not recommended to have grass in small exercise lots?
Increases chance of parasite infestation
Horse manure can be spread on a field after cleaning the stalls, but the horse should not graze on this field for how long after applying the manure?
1 year
Name two ways that lice can be carried between 2 animals.
Contact with infected harness, saddles, blankets, brushes, curry combs or direct contact with an infected animal
Name two different types of flies that can bother a horse.
Horse flies, horn flies, stable flies, deer flies, bot flies, flow flies, house flies, face flies.
Which general type of parasite usually bite &/or suck blood for food, use body temperature & the hair of the host for comfort & shelter?
External parasites
Which general type of parasites would transmit encephalomyelitis?
External parasites
Name a type of fly that does no lay eggs in manure
horse or deer flies
Strands or cords treated with insecticides hung in stable areas are commonly; used to reduce which parasite
flies
When is an outbreak of lice most common
early spring
Baits are effective against flies but are poisonous. They should be placed out of the reach of the horse because they usually contain what ingredient that the horse likes?
Sugar
If lice are not completely destroyed after the first treatment, when should the next treatment be given?
2-3 weeks after the first treatment
Which of the following is the smallest: flies, lice, mites or ticks?
mites
What is the process called as a tick changes from one stage to the next?
molting
what is the term for the holes in the abdomen of the tick through which it breathes?
Spiracles
Strongyles vulgaris, strongyles endentatus and Strongylus equinus are all what specific type of parasite?
Large Strongyles
How many legs does the adult tick have?
8
Name 5 places where bot flys lay their eggs
On the hair of the forelegs, mane, shoulders, belly, chin, throat, nostrils, lips, flanks
Name 4 internal parasites found in horses
Ascrids, strongyles (blood worms) pinworms, bots, threadworms (strongyloids westeri)
Name the stages in the life cycle of the tick
Egg, 6 legged larva (seed tick), 8 legged nymph, adult
