Catch Up Flashcards
What are the important parts of the pharynx and what are their vertebral levels?
Hyoid Bone - C3
Thyroid Cartilage (Laryngeal Prominence) - C4/5
Cricoid Cartilage - C6
Whats special about the cricoid cartilage?
Its the only full ring of cartilage round the airway
What type of cartilage are the parts of the larynx and epiglottis?
Epiglottis - Elastic
Rest - Hyaline
What provides structure and support for the heart?
Cardiac Skeleton (non-conducting CT)
What do we call the fibrous rings surrounding the valves?
Anulus Fibrosus Cordis
What type of joint are the sternomanubrial joint and interbertabral discs?
Symphisis
i.e. Secondary Cartilaginous
At what vertebral level does the thoracic duct cross the spine?
T5
At what vertebral level is the azygos supplied from the left posterior chest and by what veins?
T8 - Accessory Hemiazygous vein
T9 - Hemiazygous Vein
Where does the cardiac plexus lie?
Bifurcation of the trachea
What does the internal thoracic artery supply?
anterior intercostal arteries
Splits into: (at 6th intercostal space)
Superior Epigastric Artery
Musculophrenic Artery
What are the Arteries and deep veins of legs?
Ext. Iliac -> Femoral (& Deep Femoral) -> Popliteal -> Posterior & Anterior Tibial
(Veins also have fibular vein)
What are the superficial veins of legs and into what do they drain?
Great Saphenous - Runs medially - Drains into Femoral
Small Saphenous - Runs Posteriorally - Drains into Popliteal at Popliteal Fossa
What are the deep veins and arteries of the arms?
Subclavian -> Axillary -> Brachial -> Radial+Ulnar
When does subclavian become axillary and axillary becme brachial?
Subcalvian->Axillary @ lateral border of 1st rib
Axillary -> Brachial @ Inf. Border of Teres Major
What are the superficial veins of the arms, where do they drain?
Cephalic - radial - Drains into Axillary
Basilic - Medial - Drains into Brachial
Connected by Median Cubital Vein in Cubital Fossa
What are the layers of the extra-pulmonary airway?
Mucosa (Epithelium + Lamina Propria)
Submucosa
Cartilaginous Layer
Adventitia
What is found in the mucosa?
Epithelium:
- Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar
- Goblet Cells
- Basal Cells
Lamina Propria:
- Loose CT
- Mucous Glands
What is found only in the trachea?
Trachealis Muscle completely the cartilaginous ring
What cartilage is found in the airway?
Hyaline
What CT predominates int he extra-pulmonary airway?
Elastic
What is the purpose of the trachealis muscle?
Contracting to constrict airway for forced expiration sucha s coughing
What differentiates intra-pulm. And Extra-pulm bronchi?
Intra-pulmonary bronchi have hyaline cartilage plates instead of a connected C-ring
What is found in a bronchiole?
No Mucous glands/Goblet Cells/Cartilage
Some Smooth Muscle/Cilia
Columnar/Cuboidal Epithelium
What cells are found int he alveolar wall and whats their purposes?
Type 1 pneumocyte - Gas Exchange
Type 2 Pneumocyte - Surfactant Production
Macrophage - Phagocytoses Aspirated Substances
What CT is predominant in the respiratory portion of the airway?
Elastic and Reticular
How do we differentiate elastic vs muscular arteries?
Elastic:
- Usually bigger
- Dark media full of fenestrated sheets of elastin
Muscular:
- Light Media
- 2 elastic Laminae (IEL/OEL)
Examples of elastic vs muscular artery and function?
Aorta/Pulm. Trunk - Conducting
Radial/Femoral - Distributing
How do we distinguish between vein and artery?
Vein has a wider lumen and thicker adventitia
Artery has thicker media and more elastin
What forms valves in vessels?
Folds of Tunica Intima
What forms the right, left and ifnerior heart borders?
Right - Right Atrium
Left - Left Ventricle
Inferior - Both Ventricles
What is the function of the vitelline veins and arteries?
Vitelline Artery -> Supplies yolk sac with blood
Vitelline Vein -> Carries blood from yolk sac to sinus venosus
What is the fate of the vitelline vessels?
Arteries:
Celiac Artery - Superior Mesenteric Artery - Inferior Mesenteric Artery
Veins:
Portal vein - Hepatocardiac IVC - Liver Sinusoids - Superior Mesenteric Vein
What is the function of the umbilical arteries and veins?
Arteries:
Supplies placenta
Veins:
Collects oxygenated blood from placenta
Whats the fate of umbilical vessels?
Arteries:
Left -> Ligamentum teres of liver
Ductus Venosus -> Ligamentum Venosum
Veins:
Proximal - Internal iliac & Superior Vesical branches
Distal - Medial Umbilical Ligaments
Whats the function of the cardinal veins?
Drain the body of the embryo
Whats the adult fate of the cardinal veins?
Anastamose to form Vena Caval system
