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ANATOMY - Cardio & Resp > Catch Up > Flashcards

Catch Up Flashcards

1
Q

What are the important parts of the pharynx and what are their vertebral levels?

A

Hyoid Bone - C3
Thyroid Cartilage (Laryngeal Prominence) - C4/5
Cricoid Cartilage - C6

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2
Q

Whats special about the cricoid cartilage?

A

Its the only full ring of cartilage round the airway

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3
Q

What type of cartilage are the parts of the larynx and epiglottis?

A

Epiglottis - Elastic

Rest - Hyaline

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4
Q

What provides structure and support for the heart?

A

Cardiac Skeleton (non-conducting CT)

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5
Q

What do we call the fibrous rings surrounding the valves?

A

Anulus Fibrosus Cordis

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6
Q

What type of joint are the sternomanubrial joint and interbertabral discs?

A

Symphisis

i.e. Secondary Cartilaginous

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7
Q

At what vertebral level does the thoracic duct cross the spine?

A

T5

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8
Q

At what vertebral level is the azygos supplied from the left posterior chest and by what veins?

A

T8 - Accessory Hemiazygous vein

T9 - Hemiazygous Vein

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9
Q

Where does the cardiac plexus lie?

A

Bifurcation of the trachea

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10
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery supply?

A

anterior intercostal arteries
Splits into: (at 6th intercostal space)
Superior Epigastric Artery
Musculophrenic Artery

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11
Q

What are the Arteries and deep veins of legs?

A

Ext. Iliac -> Femoral (& Deep Femoral) -> Popliteal -> Posterior & Anterior Tibial
(Veins also have fibular vein)

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12
Q

What are the superficial veins of legs and into what do they drain?

A

Great Saphenous - Runs medially - Drains into Femoral

Small Saphenous - Runs Posteriorally - Drains into Popliteal at Popliteal Fossa

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13
Q

What are the deep veins and arteries of the arms?

A

Subclavian -> Axillary -> Brachial -> Radial+Ulnar

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14
Q

When does subclavian become axillary and axillary becme brachial?

A

Subcalvian->Axillary @ lateral border of 1st rib

Axillary -> Brachial @ Inf. Border of Teres Major

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15
Q

What are the superficial veins of the arms, where do they drain?

A

Cephalic - radial - Drains into Axillary
Basilic - Medial - Drains into Brachial

Connected by Median Cubital Vein in Cubital Fossa

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16
Q

What are the layers of the extra-pulmonary airway?

A

Mucosa (Epithelium + Lamina Propria)
Submucosa
Cartilaginous Layer
Adventitia

17
Q

What is found in the mucosa?

A

Epithelium:

  • Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar
  • Goblet Cells
  • Basal Cells

Lamina Propria:

  • Loose CT
  • Mucous Glands
18
Q

What is found only in the trachea?

A

Trachealis Muscle completely the cartilaginous ring

19
Q

What cartilage is found in the airway?

A

Hyaline

20
Q

What CT predominates int he extra-pulmonary airway?

A

Elastic

21
Q

What is the purpose of the trachealis muscle?

A

Contracting to constrict airway for forced expiration sucha s coughing

22
Q

What differentiates intra-pulm. And Extra-pulm bronchi?

A

Intra-pulmonary bronchi have hyaline cartilage plates instead of a connected C-ring

23
Q

What is found in a bronchiole?

A

No Mucous glands/Goblet Cells/Cartilage
Some Smooth Muscle/Cilia
Columnar/Cuboidal Epithelium

24
Q

What cells are found int he alveolar wall and whats their purposes?

A

Type 1 pneumocyte - Gas Exchange
Type 2 Pneumocyte - Surfactant Production
Macrophage - Phagocytoses Aspirated Substances

25
Q

What CT is predominant in the respiratory portion of the airway?

A

Elastic and Reticular

26
Q

How do we differentiate elastic vs muscular arteries?

A

Elastic:

  • Usually bigger
  • Dark media full of fenestrated sheets of elastin

Muscular:

  • Light Media
  • 2 elastic Laminae (IEL/OEL)
27
Q

Examples of elastic vs muscular artery and function?

A

Aorta/Pulm. Trunk - Conducting

Radial/Femoral - Distributing

28
Q

How do we distinguish between vein and artery?

A

Vein has a wider lumen and thicker adventitia

Artery has thicker media and more elastin

29
Q

What forms valves in vessels?

A

Folds of Tunica Intima

30
Q

What forms the right, left and ifnerior heart borders?

A

Right - Right Atrium
Left - Left Ventricle
Inferior - Both Ventricles

31
Q

What is the function of the vitelline veins and arteries?

A

Vitelline Artery -> Supplies yolk sac with blood

Vitelline Vein -> Carries blood from yolk sac to sinus venosus

32
Q

What is the fate of the vitelline vessels?

A

Arteries:
Celiac Artery - Superior Mesenteric Artery - Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Veins:
Portal vein - Hepatocardiac IVC - Liver Sinusoids - Superior Mesenteric Vein

33
Q

What is the function of the umbilical arteries and veins?

A

Arteries:
Supplies placenta

Veins:
Collects oxygenated blood from placenta

34
Q

Whats the fate of umbilical vessels?

A

Arteries:
Left -> Ligamentum teres of liver
Ductus Venosus -> Ligamentum Venosum

Veins:
Proximal - Internal iliac & Superior Vesical branches
Distal - Medial Umbilical Ligaments

35
Q

Whats the function of the cardinal veins?

A

Drain the body of the embryo

36
Q

Whats the adult fate of the cardinal veins?

A

Anastamose to form Vena Caval system

ANATOMY - Cardio & Resp (8 decks)

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