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ANATOMY - Cardio & Resp > Back & Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Back & Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

How do vertebral sizes diffeR?

A

The size of vertebrae increase from superior to inferior

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2
Q

How many bones are there in the spinal column?

A

33

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3
Q

How do vertebrae diffeR?

A

In size & shape

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4
Q

What are the 4 major functions of the spinal column?

A
  • Movement
  • Weight bearing
  • Protection
  • Site of muscle attachments.
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5
Q

How does the spine provide shock absorbtion?

A

The curves of the spine along with intervertebral discs provide the shock absorbtion

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6
Q

Other than shock absorption how does the vertebral column bear weight?

A

It transmits weight from the upper body to lower limbs

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7
Q

Which section of the vertebrae are curved inward?

A

The cervical &lumbar sections curve inward

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8
Q

What sections of the vertebrae are curved outward?

A

The thoracic & sacral sections curve outward

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9
Q

What are inward curves of the spie called?

A

Lordoses
Cervical Lordosis
Lumbar Lordosis

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10
Q

What are outward curves of the spine called?

A

Kyphoses
Thoracic Kyphosis
Sacral Kyphosis

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11
Q

What kind of abnormal spinal curvature does osteoporosis cause?

A

Osteoporosis causes excessive thoracic kyphosis

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12
Q

What kind of abnormal spinal curvature can pregnancy cause?

A

Excessive Lumbar lordosis can be caused by pregnancy

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13
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

Abnormal curving of the spinal in the coronal plane instead of saggital

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14
Q

What makes up the intervertebral disc?

A

The central nucleus pulposus

The surrounding layers of annulus fibrosus

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15
Q

What is the nucleus pulposus

A

The central core of the intervertebral disc, has a high h2o content

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16
Q

What is the Anulus Fibrosus?

A

Layers of FibroCartilage surrounding the nucleus pulposus

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17
Q

Whats a better name for a slipped disc?

A

Herniated Disc

18
Q

What does the vertebral column protect?

A

The spinal cord, spinal nerves & arteries

19
Q

Whats the covering of the spinal cord called?

A

The Meninges

20
Q

What makes up the meninges (outside ->inside)

A

Dura matter
Arachnoid matter
Pia Matter
(Also Cerebrospinal fluid)

21
Q

What movements is the spinal column involved in?

A
  • Flexion & extension
  • Lateral flexion/extension
  • Rotation of head/neck/upper trunk
22
Q

What joints are in the spinal column?

A
  • Intervertebral discs
  • Facet joints
  • Rib joints
  • Skull & atlas joint
  • Atlas & Axis Joint
23
Q

What type of joint are intervertebral discs?

A

Intervertebral discs are secondary cartilaginous joints

24
Q

What type of joint are facet joints?

A

Facet joints between vertebrae are synovial plane joints

25
Q

What type of joint are between the ribs & vertebral column?

A

Synovial plane joints join the vertebral column to the ribs

26
Q

What type of joint joins the skull to the atlas?

A

A synovial ellipsoid joint joins the skull & atals

27
Q

What joint joins the atlas & axis?

A

A synovial pivot joints joins the atlas & axis

28
Q

What is the atlas?

A

C1 vertebra

29
Q

What is the axis?

A

C2 vertebra

30
Q

Whats the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

It supports the intervertebral discs & prevents hyper-extension

31
Q

Whats the function of the posterior longituinal ligament?

A

Supports intervertebral discs & prevents hyper-flexion

32
Q

Where is the interspinous ligament?

A

Between the spinoud process of adjacent vertebrae

33
Q

How does the supraspinous ligament connect vertebrae?

A

The supraspinous ligament runs down the column from tip to tip of adjacent spinous processes

34
Q

What does the ligamentum flavum connect?

A

The ligamentum flavum connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae

35
Q

What are intrinsic back muscles?

A

Intrinsic back muscles act only on the back (i.e. not the limbs)

36
Q

Whats the function of the erector SPinae muscle?

A

Extension
Controlled Flexion
Lateral Flexion

37
Q

What structures are closely related to the spine?

A

Certain muscles
Nerves (including the sympathetic trunk)
Arteries&veins (Aorta)
Lymph system

38
Q

What happens if the intervertebral discs become dehydrated?

A

The spinal column loses shock absorption

39
Q

Pain & stifness in joints, diagnose?

A

Osteoarthritis

40
Q

What does osteoporosis cause?

A

Compression fractures in vertebral body

-> abnormal spinal curvature

41
Q

How do weak back muscles cause back pain?

A

Weak back pain

  • > imbalanced loading of spine
  • > Back Pain
42
Q

Stuff i need to learn not in the deck:

A
  • Parts of a vertebra
  • how to reconise vertebra of different sections
  • spot different associated structures on a diagram (aorta, symp trunk etc)
  • Able to pick ouit different ligaments
  • pick out different matter in the meninges on a diagram

ANATOMY - Cardio & Resp (8 decks)

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