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Biochem > Catalytic Stategies - Enzymes > Flashcards

Catalytic Stategies - Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

How carbonic anhydrases facilitate their turn over

A

Acid- base
Tuns CO2 into carbonic acid

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2
Q

What are restriction enzymes?

A

Hydrolyzed DNA: Cut DNA into pieces. Magnesium dependent

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3
Q

Carbonic anhydrases are categorized in the same enzyme class TF

A

True

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4
Q

List the enzyme intermediates of proteolysis

A

Acyl-enzyme intermediate

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5
Q

What classifies an enzyme as a protease

A

Hydrolyze the peptide bond. Bind 2 amino acids together

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6
Q

How can enzymes change their conformations

A

Brake and rebuild

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7
Q

Carbonic anydrases use a zinc cofactor TF

A

True
Bind to water. O- from water does a nucleophilic attack on CO2

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8
Q

Restriction enzymes are an example of a type of proteases TF

A

False

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9
Q

How restriction enzymes specifically recognize DNA

A

When they find a specific recognition site (base sequence) they are able to bind to DNA

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10
Q

What are the properties of P-loop family of enzymes?

A

Shows dramatic induced-fit
Fit lots of substrates
Bind ATP and GTP

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11
Q

What cofactor is used by most phosphate related enzymes?

A

Magnesium

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12
Q

If an enzyme is classified as a serine protease, what are its charactersistics

A

Uses a serine at active site
“No edge group” hydroxyl group
Inhibitor. Blocks protease.
Serine: neutral hydrophylic amino acid exposed to water

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13
Q

What is the transition-state referring to?

A

The in-between state of a reaction. Stating material > transition state> product

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14
Q

What is the group initially attacked by chymotrypsin?

A

C-terminus of the aromatic amino acids.

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15
Q

What is conserved among all serine proteases?

A

Homologous tertiary structure.
Different substrate, same catalytic mechanism.

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16
Q

Which classes of enzymes catalyzes the hydration of CO2?

A

Carbonic anhydrase with the use of zinc.

17
Q

Carbonic anhydrase are homologous. TF

A

True

18
Q

What is the product of carbonic anhydrase?

A

Carbonic acid > bicarbonate ion

19
Q

Restriction enzymes all hydrolyze peptide bonds.

A

False

20
Q

What are the main characteristics of carbonic anhydrase enzyme class?

A

Catalyzes formation of carbonic acid using zinc-dependent mechanism
Approximation catalysis and metal ion catalysis
Carbonic acid diffuses faster, then facilitates transport out of tissue
Carbon dioxide hydration and balances pH

21
Q

What do all of the enzymes that are classified together as proteases have in common?

A

Hydrolyze a peptide bond.

22
Q

Restriction enzymes employ metal ion catalysis TF

A

True

23
Q

Carbonic anhydrases are metalloenzymes.

A

True

24
Q

Members of p-loop family of enzymes can be kinases. TF

A

True

25
Q

What do all of the proteins in the serine protease family have in common (both structurally and functionally?

A

Homologous tertiary structure.
Trypsin and chymotrypsin have similar substates
Resolves active site of enzymes
Same catalytic mechanism. Nucleophilic attack, acetylation, deacetylation.
Step 1:bind substate, step 2. Nucleophilic attack, step 3. Peptide bond cleaves, step 4. Release of carboxyl terminal.

26
Q

Restriction enzymes all bind exactly the same substate. TF

A

False

27
Q

Inorganic phosphate is a substate of some members of the p loop family of enzymes and a product of others TF

A

True

28
Q

There are four protein families within the enzyme class of proteases. Which of those four families is the best example of each of the three principles of catalysis (three principles that are not common to all enzymes)?

A

Serine proteases is best example. Compared to cysteine, aspartyl, and metalloproteases.

29
Q

There are three classes of phosphate-related enzymes. Which of those three classes would you say is most like the proteases?

A

Phophatases: they remove phosphate groups from a protein or degrade ATP and proteases break down peptide bonds or proteins.

30
Q

Restriction enzymes are regulated by allosteric regulation TF

A

False

31
Q

Carbonic anhydrases involve chelation TF

A

False?

32
Q

Which of the following is true about carbonic anhydrases?

A

True carbonic anhydrases
Metalloenzymes
Homologous in humans
They are categorized in the same enzyme class
They use zinc cofactor

33
Q

Which of the following is true about members of the p loop family of enzymes

A

They can be kinases.
Inorganic phosphate is a substrate some of them and a product of others
They are a protein family all descended from one ancient ploop enzyme.

34
Q

Which is true about restriction enzymes

A

They employ metal ion catalysis.

Biochem (14 decks)

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