Carbohydrates Flashcards
What defines a compound as a carbohydrate?
C-H2O)n can be defined by the same structure.
Carbon backbone.
List and describe the different isomers of carbohydrates?
Where the oxygen is on the carbon chain.
Ketone in the middle (ketose)
Aldehyde on the end (Aldose)
Isomer: same formula different structure.
What are the functional groups and links that contributes to enhance carbohydrates’ diversity?
Ketones and aldehydes.
Epimers
Anomers = ring forms. alpha and beta conformations
What is a hemiacetal?
The cyclic form of a sugar with alcohol
What are the two principal roles of carbohydrates in living organisms?
Energy - producing ATP and inducing movement in enzymes
Carbon skeletons - used to make proteins, fats, etc.
Glycanoproteids are only found in extracellular spaces. True or False.
True?
How many isomers glucose can exhibit?
24 or 16 possible stereoisomers
What are glycosidic bonds?
Covalent bonds that form between carbohydrates and another group between the hemiacetal and a hydroxyl group
How is the natural aldose drawn in a Fischer projection?
H -=O
OH—H
H—OH
OH—H
H—OH
CH2OH
Are disaccharides part of the oligosaccharides group? Why?
No; Disaccharides: 2 monosaccharides.
What is derivatized sugar?
Sugar that has been oxidized (gained e-), reduction, amino group replacing hydroxyl group, condensation
What is cellulose? What is its main role in plants?
Polysaccharide that stacks. Gives structure.
Proteoglycans include glycosaminoglycans and proteins and bind with water. True or False
False?
How are carbohydrates bound to proteins?
Through post-translational modification; they form proteoglycans, peptidoglycans, and glycoproteins
What are the Fischer projections of a natural ketose?
H
H -C-OH
C=O
H. C - OH
H
Which is a disaccharide containing only glucose monosaccharides?
Maltose
H5N1, what H and N stands for?
Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase
Many glycoproteins interact with lectins for their function. True or False.
True?; Glycoproteins: more protein than sugar. 40% carbohydrates.
Which polysaccharides have the same glycosidic bonds as maltose?
Amylose
How can carbohydrates serve as cushion? Provide an example.
Cartilage. Water in peptidoglycan is removed to the side, water is recaptured to restore form.
Peptidoglycans are structural molecules found in bacteria. True or False.
True. Peptidoglycan: protein = sugar. Found in cell wall. resists change.
My blood type is O, how am I different from A and B group type?
There is no sugar present on the end of type O. Different amino acids and sugars are on A and B.
What is one of the many roles of Mannose 6-phosphate?
Important for breaking down toxins. Recycle cell garbage.
What is the role of L-lectin when expressed by (on) seeds?
Mix of protein and sugar.
These are true about sugar amino acid combinations.
Proteoglycans include glycosaminoglycans
peptidoglycans are found in bacteria
glycoproteins can be used in cell-cell recognition
Natural ketose
H
H—OH
=O
OH—H
H—OH
H
