Case Study Design Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of a randomized control trial

A

Intervention study allocated randomly

Comparisons made between new and current/placebo

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2
Q

Definition of case control studies

A

Observational studies
Investigates factors associated with disease
Compares groups of people with and without a disease
Normally retrospective

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3
Q

Definition of an observational study

A

No intervention

Subjects observed in natural state

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4
Q

Definition of a cohort study

A

Investigates factors associated with disease
Follows up on healthy individuals and possible risk factors over time
Normally prospective, can be retrospective

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5
Q

Definition of a cross sectional study

A

Collect data for each subject at 1 points in time

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6
Q

What are the 3 properties of a randomized control trial

A

Interventional study
Intervention allocated randomly
Comparisons made between new and current/placebo

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7
Q

Why is randomization important

A
Patient characteristics don't affect what treatment they get
Unbiased
Balanced treatment groups
Different in outcome due to treatment
Test efficiency
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8
Q

Why is blinding important

When is blinding not possible

A

Treatment concealed from patient (single) and/or assessor (double)
Reduce bias
Possible due to randomization
Double blinding not always possible, needs a placebo

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9
Q

How do you analyze the results in a RCT

A

Intention to treat
-Analyse in random groups even if the participants don’t comply/switch treatments

Balance remains as a result
Fair test of offer of treatment

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10
Q

What are the properties of a case control study

A

Observational study, subjects observed in natural state
Investigates factors associated with disease
Group with disease (cases) compared against group without disease (control) with respect to risk factors
Retrospective

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11
Q

What are the pros and cons of case control studies

A

Negatives

  • Choice of control group affects comparisons
  • data reporting by subjects/records, can be incorrect/inaccurate/biased

Positives
-quick and cheap

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12
Q

What are the properties of a cohort study

A

Observational
Investigates factors associated with disease
Healthy individuals followed up to monitor disease state and possible risk factors over time
Normally prospective, can be retrospective

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13
Q

What are the pros and cons of cohort studies

A

Positives
-less biased answer due to prospective data collection

Negatives

  • need large no to get enough with disease
  • often need a long follow up
  • need to stay in touch with patients
  • can be expensive
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14
Q

What are the properties of a cross sectional study

What are the uses

A

Observational
Collect data for each subject at 1 point in time

Useful for

  • measuring disease prevalence
  • surveys of attitudes/views
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