Case Studies

Question 1

Student blogger

1) Training
2) Governance

Answer 1

1) V. informal - more like ‘hanging out’ -
2) V. liberal - links into ‘neoliberal mode of governance’ - workers being conditioned to be self-reliant and entrepreneurial individuals

Question 2

Student blogger

3) Contractual fragmentation
4) Spatial fragmentation

Answer 2

3) Paid per month - low pay for extensification involved

4) Pratt and Jarvis (2006) = extnsification and ‘contracting out’ of work - work in 3rd space so doesn’t spill over into the home and to profit from ‘buzz of the city’ in coffee shops (Drake, 2003)
- also VIRTUALLY and promoted via other sites

Question 3

Student blogger

5) Privacy when working?
6) Contrasts which scholars ?

Answer 3

5) Yes not monitored at all -just have email to stick to

Hyman et al (2003) – work is not carried out in a vacuum and workers have a life into which these practices increasingly intrude (Perrons, 2003)

• Contrasts Gernot Grabher (2004) and Clare (2012)’s idea of work being conducted in densely-knit clusters and co-location of bloggers and Florida’s idea of clustering

Question 4

Student blogger job is a good example to examine explore the…

Job also requires active networking…

Answer 4

explore the consequences of this spillover and embedding of work in the household economy (English-Lueck, 2002)

and ‘extra-curricular’ time to facilitate job i.e. need to go to events

Question 5

Student caller

1) ‘scripted routines’ description
2) Job and embodying it (and reference)

Answer 5

1) Required to learn and perform scripted routines of behaviour, interactions and bodily display → key thing is they learn to discipline their bodies and emotions to conform
2) Entwistle and Wissinger (2006) → workers bodies are harnessed to sell the organisation’s image by literally by embodying it

Question 6

Student caller

3) Why you did it?
4) How did you cope?
5) Where you did it?

Answer 6

3) Flexible part time job - Menger (1999) - argues that visual artists forgo earnings and incur employment risks because they are compelled to express their artistic creativity and need to be free of rigid schedules and constraints imposed by formal employment
4) Formed ‘communities of coping’ (Korczynski, 2003) –> unlike previous lit, workplace has been and continues to be infused with emotion

5) Call room - ‘stage’ - and ‘war of smiles’ (Hochschild, 1983) and importance of doing on with a ‘stage persona’, smiling, body language etc
- also ‘local buzz’ and f2f interaction (Gernot Grabher, 2004)

Question 7

Student caller

6) What was a key ingredient of success being a caller? (2 things and references)
7) How did you shape delivery/experience?

Answer 7

6) Charisma (Dean, 2005)
Projection of personality (Entwistle and Wissinger, 2006)

7) ‘Constant state of readiness’ → needing to perform on command in any environment → always dialing and waiting and ready to ‘perform the script’ when the phone was eventually picked up

Question 8

Zach Hancock

1) Description
2) Quote

Answer 8

Music producer in Pause Press Play film
- When he started, needed a piece of hardware for everything and everyone had to be in sync but now

“Any kid can use/buy a version and do in 5 minutes what would take 6 months of years to do 20 years ago “

Question 9

Value the Pro

1) Reference
2) Description

Answer 9

1) Ekinsmyth (2011)

2) Blogger Moment – It’s work not a hobby

Question 10

Durham Craft Market

1) Reference
2) Description

3) Also in terms of skills

Answer 10

1) Jakob (2012/3)
2) Crafting as a way to make money but also psychic reward (driven by an ‘incessant creative urge’)

3) E.g. of where craftsman has ‘gotten smarter’ and embraced enterprise

Question 11

Mumpreneurs

1) Reference
2) Definition
3) Based on.. (2)

Answer 11

1) Ekinsmyth (2013)
2) “a business owner who has configured a business around the time-space routines of motherhood”
3) EFFECTUATION - extracting value from everyday life - social media enabling individuals to establish themselves on the basis of everyday experiences

SELF-REALISATION -
As a blogger and a way of documenting the growth of their child

Question 12

Wicker Park

1) Reference
2) Description

Answer 12

1) Lloyd (2006)
2) During 1990s - spending long hours working and ‘hanging out’ in coffee shops waiting for inspiration or a meaningful collaborative opportunity to organically materialise

Question 13

Growth in no. and size of Craft and Farmer’s Markets in past 30 years

1) Reference

2)

Answer 13

1) Brown (2001)

2) not only only important contributors of economic development of rural and urban communities, but also tools to revitalize inner cities and public space, foster local community ties and attract tourism
- confrontation against the ‘perceived homogenization of culture’ (Stevens, 2011:15)

Question 14

Doo rag

1) Reference
2) Theory

3)

Answer 14

1) Zukin and Maguire (2004)
2) Consumer culture certainly provides a universal toolkit, a material and symbolic repertoire, for expressing collective identities →but also a tool for RESISTANCE
3) ‘doo rag’ worn by young men black and white in the US in early 2000s to represent a subcultural identity of rebellion or ethnic pride

Question 15

Being vegan

1) Improvement of the self (and reference)
2) Psychic reward
3) Links in with slow fashion which is premised upon…

Answer 15

1) Viability to improve oneself through consumption (Zukin and Maguire, 2004)
2) Sennett (2008) → contemporary craftsmen guided by psychic rewards ranging from the intrinsic joy of creating a piece of art to the extrinsic peer recognition received for musical performance
3) ethic of care and where one constantly reflects upon the impacts of one’s actions (Parkins, 2004; 369)

Question 16

1) Social construction of latino identity through consumption (reference)
2) Description

Answer 16

1) Arlene Davila (2001)
2) Investigation into social construction of Latino identity → demonstrates the importance of consumer culture for producing new ethnic identities (but not uniform might not have the same perceptions)

Question 17

Zara sustainability examples (2)

Answer 17

1) INDITEX → uses wind turbines and solar panels in warehouse and energy redirected into steams → boxes reused/recycling → bicycles for workers
2) Gave 2 million euros of emergency reconstruction in CASH to Hait and developed ‘swing tags’

Question 18

Sony walkman success

1) Reference
2) Description

Answer 18

1) du Gay et al (1997)
2) Success came from innovation lower costs etc but also their ability to learn from consumer’s beheavour: production and consumption as a ‘cultural circuit’ rather than 2 poles which reflect/transform consumer’s behaviour

Question 19

1) Example of how space can be manipulated to generate distinction and value
2) Description

Answer 19

1) ‘Bookshop Alehouse’ pub in Portswood → originally Peter Rhodes Bookshop in Portswood Road which closed in July 2015 and transformed into city’s 2nd micropub (after ‘Bitterne Park Triangle’)

2) Community focused alehouse with capacity for 120 people and has just been voted the best pub in Hampshire
- Space for locals to meet, promote local events and hold occasional acoustic or spoken word events promoting local artists and poets (no amplified music)

Question 20

1) Example of how time can be manipulated to generate distinction and value
2) Description
3) Price
4) Location + its description

Answer 20

1) Gin Festival London Summer 2017 (25th-27th August)

2) Over 100 diff gins to try including new ones not in the Feb festival (so incentive for previous to come back)
- Also facilitate EXPERIENCE - gin masterclasses and opp to meet gin distillers in person, live music etc

3) VERY EXPENSIVE - £15.21 BUT JUST for entry and then £5 a token at the fair
4) Tobacco Docks: Grade I listed warehouse in Docklands and store for imported tobacco and redeveloped into ‘Covent Garden’ of the East End but failed and now used for large and commercial events

Question 21

DIY ethos - buying experiences

e.g. (2)

Answer 21

1) Sushi making workshop in London - also merchandise etc
2) Rise of GroupOn etc (see stats) and idea of ‘buying’ experiences for a fixed price e.g. 50 options ‘adventure’ package from

Question 22

Example of ‘competitive isomorphism’

1) Reference
2) Description

Answer 22

1) DiMaggio and Powell (1983)
2) Fashion firms becoming increasingly like one another e.g. Burberry following Gucci – especially after recruiting Christopher Bailey from Gucci

Question 23

‘Greenwashing’ example

- and reference

Answer 23

Body Shop’s ‘natural’ products were in fact full of chemicals, artificial colors, and preservatives (Entine, 1994)

Question 24

Two examples of curating/rating blogs:

Answer 24

Pitchfork and Gorilla vs Bear

Question 25

Record Store Day

1) Reference
2) When & Description

Answer 25

1) Hracs & Jansson (2016)
2) Saturday April 16th - xmas for music lovers where indie record shops around the world host live shows which spill into the streets, sell limited edition releases only on that day and generally celebrate the idea of supporting local physical shops and formats

Question 26

Record tourists

1) Reference
2) Description
3) Quote

Answer 26

1) Hracs & Jansson (2016)
2) Constant stream of tourists, including those who are ‘remote consumers’ but make ‘pilgrimages’ to specific music scenes and shops

“live in the North or South of Sweden…they scroll through everything and can spend a couple thousand (SEK) that day instead of the regulars that come every week but only spend a hundred (SEK). So that makes the summer.”

Question 27

Curator Dave Pell from NextDraft newsletter

Answer 27

Less a traditional aggregator and more of a column with links → not just cut and pasting material but anchoring the news
→ “People need some kind of algorithm to help them cut through the clutter and I’ve realized that, for some folks, I am that algorithm”
→ The next iteration of the web is going to be all about humans filtering information for each other. “Web 3.0: The Humans Strike Back.” You just need to make sure you end up following the humans who will lead you to places where you want to be.”

Question 28

Museums as curators

1) Reference
2) Description
3) Applying foucauldian theory

Answer 28

1) Cairns and Birchall (2013) - annual conference in Portland
2) Museums → acts as filters for cultural abundance – both in what’s included on show and the limited word count on exhibition texts

Scarcity, therefore, exists at the core of museum practice. Not only are rare objects frequently perceived to have greater value than if the same objects were common, the limitations on time and space within the museum proper require that curators and other staff must employ regular tactics for reduction in the face of abundance. The critical roles of selection, preservation, and dissemination are all linked to the core requirement of deciding what of a culture to keep, and how best to do so.

3) Loi de rarete (Foucault) - culture always operates according to a law of scarcity; that it “is always in limited supply, and necessarily so, since it involves producing meaning in an ongoing way through selection, representation and interpretation” (Rigney, 2005, 16).

Question 29

Content curator

1) Reference
2) Description

Answer 29

1) IMG (2009)

2) Someone who continually finds, groups, organises and shares the best
- -> Argument that with the acceleration of internet content, algorithm wont be enough to find what we are looking for so to satisfy the people’s hunger for great content, there will need to be a new category of individual working online → whose job it is “not to create more content but to make sense of all the content that others are creatin”

Question 30

Examples of social bookmarking and social news (2)

Answer 30

Digg or delicous

Question 31

‘Made in Brooklyn’ pizza

1) Description
2) Chef and owner - story
3) Name

Answer 31

1) Food truck “filling LA void for classic NY style pizza’
- Uses all of the equipment used in NY’s best pizzerias

2) Sean Popock - himself ‘made in Brooklyn’ and grew up eating what he considers the best pizza in the world at family - owned pizzerias throughout his home borough
3) New york STYLE(crossedout) pizza

Question 32

Case study of ‘embodiment’ missing from scenes

1) Reference
2) Description

Answer 32

1) Driver and Bannett (2014)
2) Missing from each element of this tripartite model of scene – local, trans-local, and virtual – is any consideration of how music scenes are enacted through the process of embodiment → Important for how music scenes are constructed, enacted and maintained by participants
- Discusses the ‘corporeal element of scene’

Question 33

Case study of Apple

- spatial proximity

Answer 33

Apple is paying over $5bn for its new office complex in California to keep over 20,000 of its workers densely clustered in one space so they can have lots of face to face meetings and create and recieve local buzz (which presumably helps them come up with great new ideas

Question 34

Examples of temporary clusters

1) Reference
2) Description

Answer 34

1) Maskell et al (2006)
2) Despite fears of international terrorism or the risks of transmitting infectious diseases like SARS, the number of international participants in the Singapore October 2003 convention of independent distributors of Herbalife, an international premier wellness company dedicated to simplifying the path to healthy living, exceeded 12,000 people
- Events by the Association of American Geographers list 3,500-6,000 participants

Question 35

Italian roots of the trade fair

1) Reference
2) Description

Answer 35

1) Piore and Sabel (1984)
2) ‘Impannatori’ - used trade fairs in different parts of Europe to acquire information about shifts in fashion markets and changing consumer preferences –> would then bring this back to their home base and share info in local industrial district

Question 36

Virtual communities: Nikon case study

1) Reference
2) Description

Answer 36

1) Baym (2007)

2) Diverse forums of Nikon: such as Nikonians, Nikonistas, Nikonistes, Nikoncafe

Question 37

Kraft Food Forum

1) Description
2) Example

Answer 37

1) Reflects the diversity of and contradictions between distinct cultural predispositions to issues such as cooking and nourishment by sub-dividing the forum into national sub-forums
2) ‘recipes for our boys in Iraq’

Question 38

Swarm of Angels Forum

1) Reference
2) Description
3) Additionally, communities with the…

Answer 38

1) Hargadom and Bechky (2006)
2) Some of the observed threads lasted for almost 2 years (most extensive thread for 596 days) – these time spans permit interactive processes of ‘reflective framing’
3) Deepest knowledge and the most constructive forms of feedback are at the same time the communities with the longest lasting threads and response times beyond average

Question 39

New York textile industry

1) Reference
2) Description

Answer 39

1) Uzzi (1996; 1997)
2) Found phenomenon of ‘over-embeddedness’ where the close social relations of suppliers with their local customers are only positive to a certain extent; stronger a large group of suppliers is embedded with the same set of customers = the more likely firms are to fail

Question 40

Space Invader

1) How does he define himself? Year of development
2) What is the project about?
3) Invasion strategy
4) What are invasion waves?
5) Philosophy & icon meaning
6) Recipience
7) Pol. movement?

Answer 40

1) UFA (Unidentified Free agent), 1998
2) About liberating Art from its usual alienators that museums/instutions can be - also about freeing the space invaders from their video gems TV screens and to bring them to our PHYSICAL world
3) Organised a detail process by which he tries to explore internationally populated urban areas and ‘invade’ them - wants to identify the neuralgic points of the city/like an urban acupuncture
4) When he tries to return to the same city and increase score
5) ‘Anytime, anywhere’ - try to evolve and reinvent himself all the time and believes that the space invaders are the perfect icons of our time - where digital tech is the heartbeat of our world

6) Space invaders creator contacted and in a way works with them - also some have been removed but policemen have genuinely liked it - but recently has problem of people trying to damage tiles and sell counterfeits
- -> Also has a ‘La Space’ shop where he sells additional mercy

7) Not a political movement however 99% of work requires breaking laws (lol)

Question 41

Brazilian female street artist

1) Name, location and purpose
2) Organisation
3) Quote

Answer 41

1) Panmela Castro in Rio de Janeiro - speaking out through her art to combat Brazil’s high rates of violence against women: according to UN Trust Fund to End Violence Against Women - a woman is assaulted in Sao Paulo every 15 secs
2) ‘Rede Nami’ - holds workshops throughout Brazil and around the world to help empower women using art
3) “Art is how we can be influenced and be an influence”

Question 42

London as financial centre

1) Reference
2) Description

Answer 42

1) Beaverstock and Hall (2012)
2) London as Europe’s only global financial centre became the prized location for enhanced base salaries and end of year bonuses for wholesale banking and related professional services and at the height of the boom in 2007, the City’s bonus pool reached £11.5bn, and at the end of 2011 it is expected to recover to just over £7bn (CEBR, 2010, 2011)

Question 43

London and competition

1) Reference
2) Description of source of competition

Answer 43

1) Beaverstock and Hall (2012)
2) City of London faces increasing competition from other international financial centers –> includes more established centres such as New York, Singapore and Hong Kong but also ‘offshore’ centres such as Zurich and emerging centres in South East Asia, particularly Shanghai associated with the growing importance of BRICs economies

Question 44

London as a stepping-stone

Answer 44

London significant location for large/medium-sized global banks in wholesale (investment) and retail (e.g. commercial and private) sectors, and other specialised activities (e.g. Islamic banking) → almost all banks are subsidiaries of global US (e.g. Citicorp, goldman sachs), European (Santander, Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank) etc = creates an unprecedented demand for talent of all nationalities, drawn from well-established ‘pipelines’ (Bathelt et al, 2004) like New York, Hong Kong, and Tokyo → BUT also in reverse that it’s a stepping stone to emigrate from London