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Year 2 > Case > Flashcards

Case Flashcards

1
Q

Efferent pupillary defect due to what?

A

3rd nerve palsy

lesion in efferent limb of pupillary light reflex

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2
Q

Relative afferent pupillary defect due to what?

A

Lesion anterior to chiasm on affected side (eg optic nerve damage, neuritis etc)

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3
Q

Cause of hard exudates in retina?

A

Plasma leaks, resulting in deposits of lipid breakdown

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4
Q

Shortsighted and longsighted?

A

Myopia and hyperopia

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5
Q

Secondary pneumothorax?

A

> 50
Smoking history
Underlying disease on CXR or O/E
None of these = primary pneumothorax

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6
Q

Patients at risk of thyroid disorders?

A 
Autoimmune disease - esp. diabetes
Family history
Drugs (amiodarone/lithium)
Irradiation to neck
AF
Hyperlipidaemia
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7
Q

What is de Quervain’s thyroiditis?

A

Subacute thyroiditis - usually post-viral

Hyper then hypo phase before returning to normal

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8
Q

Other causes of thyroid disturbance that aren’t primary or pituitary?

A

Sick euthyroid
Pregnancy
Drug compliance

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9
Q

Gastric aspirate of NG tube?

A

pH 1-5.5

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10
Q

PEG stands for?

A

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

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11
Q

PICC stands for?

A

Peripherally inserted central catheter

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12
Q

Evidence of iron deficiency?

A

Low Hb
Microcytosis
Hypochromia
Low ferritin

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13
Q

Steps after iron deficiency present?

A

Test tTG Ab for coeliac

Next:
Basically rule out any malignancy (GI)

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14
Q

Causes of single CNIII palsy?

A 
Diabetes mellitus
GCA
Syphilis
PCA aneurysm
Idiopathic
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15
Q

Name for different pupil sizes?

A

Anisocoria

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16
Q

Section 2 Mental Health Act?

A

Detainment for up to 28 days

17
Q

Section 3 Mental Health Act?

A

Detainment for up to 6 months

18
Q

Section 4 Mental Health Act?

A

Detainment for up to 72 hours

19
Q

Section 5 Mental Health Act?

A

5(2) - Doctors holding power 72 hours

5(3) - Nurses holding power 6 hours

20
Q

Mnemonic for Mental Health Act?

A 
DATED:
Definition - section 1
Assessment - section 2
Treatment - section 3
Emergency - section 4
Detention - section 5
21
Q

Upper limb myotomes related to C-spine?

A 
C1 - cervical flexion
C2 - cervical extension
C3 - cervical side flexion
C4 - Shoulder elevation
C5 - Shoulder abduction
C6 - Elbow flexion
C7 - Elbow extension
C8 - Thumb extension
T1 - Finger abduction
22
Q

Lower limb myotomes related to lumbar spine?

A 
L2 - Hip flexion
L3 - Knee extension
L4 - Foot dorsiflexion
L5 - Big toe extension
S1 - Plantar flexion
23
Q

Do you know dermatomes for lower limbs?

A

Yes or no…the choice is yours.

24
Q

How to examine lumps?

A 
She Cuts The Fish PERfectly
Site
Size
Skin(overlying)
Colour
Contour
Consistency
Temperature
Tenderness
Transillumination
Fluctuancy
Fixed (to underlying structures)
Fields (draining to lymph)

Pulsatile
Expansile
Reducible

25
Q

Bony nodules on DIP?

A

Heberden’s nodes

26
Q

Bony nodules on PIP?

A

Bouchard’s nodes

27
Q

Test for forward flexion?

A

Schober’s test.
Mark L5. And mark 5cm below and 10cm above L5.
Distance should increase from 15cm to at least 20cm.

28
Q

Prominence of sternum in chest?

A

Pectus Carinatum

Harrison’s sulcus may be present

29
Q

Depression of lower end of sternum?

A

Pectus excavatum

30
Q

What to ask about in C-spine assessment?

A 
Five D's And 3 N's
Dizziness
Drop attacks
Diplopia
Dysphagia
Dysarthria
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Nausea
Numbness
31
Q

What is lipohaemarthrosis?

A

Radiology sign - fat floating on water

Usually due to bone marrow released into synovial joint following fracture

32
Q

Posterior dislocation of radial head results in what sign?

A

Lightbulb sign

33
Q

Reversible causes in ALS?

A 
4 Hs and 4 Ts
Hypovolaemia
Hypoxia
Hypothermia
Hypo/hyperkalaemia

Thrombosis
Tamponade
Toxins
Tension pneumothorax

Year 2 (21 decks)

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