Case Flashcards
Efferent pupillary defect due to what?
3rd nerve palsy
lesion in efferent limb of pupillary light reflex
Relative afferent pupillary defect due to what?
Lesion anterior to chiasm on affected side (eg optic nerve damage, neuritis etc)
Cause of hard exudates in retina?
Plasma leaks, resulting in deposits of lipid breakdown
Shortsighted and longsighted?
Myopia and hyperopia
Secondary pneumothorax?
> 50
Smoking history
Underlying disease on CXR or O/E
None of these = primary pneumothorax
Patients at risk of thyroid disorders?
Autoimmune disease - esp. diabetes Family history Drugs (amiodarone/lithium) Irradiation to neck AF Hyperlipidaemia
What is de Quervain’s thyroiditis?
Subacute thyroiditis - usually post-viral
Hyper then hypo phase before returning to normal
Other causes of thyroid disturbance that aren’t primary or pituitary?
Sick euthyroid
Pregnancy
Drug compliance
Gastric aspirate of NG tube?
pH 1-5.5
PEG stands for?
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
PICC stands for?
Peripherally inserted central catheter
Evidence of iron deficiency?
Low Hb
Microcytosis
Hypochromia
Low ferritin
Steps after iron deficiency present?
Test tTG Ab for coeliac
Next:
Basically rule out any malignancy (GI)
Causes of single CNIII palsy?
Diabetes mellitus GCA Syphilis PCA aneurysm Idiopathic
Name for different pupil sizes?
Anisocoria
Section 2 Mental Health Act?
Detainment for up to 28 days
Section 3 Mental Health Act?
Detainment for up to 6 months
Section 4 Mental Health Act?
Detainment for up to 72 hours
Section 5 Mental Health Act?
5(2) - Doctors holding power 72 hours
5(3) - Nurses holding power 6 hours
Mnemonic for Mental Health Act?
DATED: Definition - section 1 Assessment - section 2 Treatment - section 3 Emergency - section 4 Detention - section 5
Upper limb myotomes related to C-spine?
C1 - cervical flexion C2 - cervical extension C3 - cervical side flexion C4 - Shoulder elevation C5 - Shoulder abduction C6 - Elbow flexion C7 - Elbow extension C8 - Thumb extension T1 - Finger abduction
Lower limb myotomes related to lumbar spine?
L2 - Hip flexion L3 - Knee extension L4 - Foot dorsiflexion L5 - Big toe extension S1 - Plantar flexion
Do you know dermatomes for lower limbs?
Yes or no…the choice is yours.
How to examine lumps?
She Cuts The Fish PERfectly Site Size Skin(overlying) Colour Contour Consistency Temperature Tenderness Transillumination Fluctuancy Fixed (to underlying structures) Fields (draining to lymph)
Pulsatile
Expansile
Reducible
