Case 6 SAP Flashcards
Define evidence-based public health
conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of communities and populations in the domain of health protection, disease prevention, health maintenance and improvement
Examples of health promotion interventions
Policies of governments and non-government organisations, laws and regulations, organisational, community and individual education, service development and delivery, resources (discounts, rewards etc.)
Define health promotion
the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
Tannahill’s model of health promotion
health education, prevention, and health protection
Primary prevention
concerned with preventing the onset of disease. It aims to reduce the incidence of disease. Involves interventions that are applied before there is any evidence of disease or injury.
Secondary prevention
concerned with detecting a disease in its earliest stages, before symptoms appear, and intervening to slow or stop its progression (catch it early)
Tertiary prevention
interventions designed to arrest the progress of an established disease and to control its negative consequences
21st century public health challenges
child mortality, mental health, new diseases, chronic disease epidemic (from ageing population and globalisation of risk factors)
Public health intervention outcome
quantification of the effects, beneficial or otherwise, of an intervention
Public health intervention process
qualitative or quantitative assessment of how and why effects were observed and the meaning and experience of the intervention for those involved
Public health intervention challenges
What counts as evidence
Evaluation - method and timing
Several interacting components
Several (often challenging) behaviours need to be changed
Involve many groups
Number of desired outcomes
What is evaluated in a public health intervention?
need, effectiveness, safety, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, equity, feasibility, acceptability
Describe health education
communication activity aimed at enhancing positive health and preventing or diminishing ill-health in individuals and groups through influencing the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviour of those with power and of the community at large
Health education examples
change 4 life, mental health awareness week, smokefree
Describe health protection
legal or fiscal controls, other regulations and policies, and voluntary codes of practice, aimed at the enhancement of positive health and the prevention of ill health
Health protection examples
Legal controls are laws, fiscal controls include the sugar tax and green homes grant (i.e. it is cheaper to live better and more expensive to live more unhealthily), and voluntary codes include challenge 25 and putting nutritional information on food packaging
Define public health
the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health. maximum benefit for the largest number of people
How do public health interventions increase inequalities?
if they rely on voluntary change, are financially regressive, have an educational component, or are one-size-fits all
How do public health interventions decrease inequalities?
compulsory, opt out rather than opt in, tailored to individual, or are financially progressive.
