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MSK! MSK! MSK! > Cartilage Histology > Flashcards

Cartilage Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What does cartilage not have

A

Nerve supply, lymphatics, it is avascular

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2
Q

What is the function of cartilage

A 
Provides support
Withstands deformation 
Shock absorber
Permit/reduces friction at joints
Model for bone growth
Fracture repair
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3
Q

What do chondroblasts do?

A

Secrete cartilage matrix

They have mitotic abilities

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4
Q

What do chondrocytes do?

A

They are mature cartilage cells found in lacunae

They are surrounded by and maintain the matrix

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5
Q

What is cartilage predominantly made of?

A

Type 2 collagen but fibrocartilage and outer perichondrium contain type 1

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6
Q

The ground substance of cartilage matrix is made of

A

Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitin sulfate
Keratin sulfate
Aggrecan

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7
Q

Hyaline cartilage is surrounded by what

A

Perichondrium

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8
Q

What kind of collagen is in hyaline cartilage

A

Type 2

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9
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found

A

Articular cartilage, nasal septum, larynx, trachea, bronchi, embryonic development, ribs

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10
Q

What is elastic cartilage made of

A

Type 2 collagen

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11
Q

What surrounds elastic cartilage?

A

Perichondrium

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12
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

External ear, epiglottis, auditory tube

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13
Q

What is fibrocartilage like?

A

Hyaline cartilage and dense regular cartilage

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14
Q

What surrounds fibrocartilage

A

(Lacks perichondrium)

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15
Q

What is the primary type of collagen in fibrocartilage

A

Type 1

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16
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, TMJ

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17
Q

What is hyaline cartilage made of

A

It is gel-like and amorphous but heterogenous

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18
Q

What makes articular cartilage different from hyaline cartilage

A

Articular lacks a perichondrium

19
Q

What are the growth plates made of

A

Hyaline cartilage

20
Q

What is the territorial matrix?

A

Moderately staining
Consists of randomly arranged type 2 collagen
Lots of proteoglycans

21
Q

What is the interterritorial membrane

A

Surrounds the territorial matrix

Stains less intensely and has more collagen 2 and fewer proteoglycans

22
Q

What is the outer layer of the perichondrium like?

A

It is the outer fibrous layer
Contains fibroblasts
Produces type 1 collagen and elastin
Transitional zone between cartilage and surrounding CT

23
Q

What is the inner chondrogenic layer

A

It is the inner layer of the perichondrium that differentiates into chondroblasts that secrete type 2 collagen

24
Q

What is elastic cartillage

A

It is similar to hyaline cartilage has elastic fibers within matrix
Surrounded by a perichondrium
Retains shape

25
Q

Fibrocartilage is made of what

A

Type 1 and 2 collagen

26
Q

How are chondrocytes arranged in fibrocartilage

A

They are arranged in columns to deal with functional stress

27
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

Meniscus, intervertebral space, pubic symphysis

28
Q

What are some unique properties about fibrocartilage

A

It lacks a perichondrium and it is opaque

29
Q

What are the two types of cartilage growth

A

Appositional and interstitial

30
Q

Where does appositional and interstitial growth take place?

A

A-forms new cartilage on surface of pre-existing cartilage

I-takes place within cartilage mass itself

31
Q

Where does appositional and interstitial growth take place?

A

A-within inner layer of the perichondrium

I-chrondrocytes divide within lacunae, creating isogenous groups

32
Q

What causes appositional and interstitial growth to take place?

A

A-chondrogenic cells produce collagen 1

I-new chondrocytes secrete more matrix, which increases overall mass of cartilage

33
Q

How do appositional and interstitial growth take place

A

A-after growth is initiated, cells become chondroblasts and secrete collagen 2 and ground substances

I-overall growth due to secretion of new matrix and is limited by avascular nature

34
Q

Describe cartilage repair

A

Formation of repair cartilage (intermediate of hyaline and fibrous cartilage (contains type 1 and 2 cartilage))

Cartilage is also replaced by dense connective tissue or bone

35
Q

The more mobile a joint is _____________

A

The less stabile it is

36
Q

What the gradations of joint based on movement

A

Synarthroses - little to no movement
Amphiarthroses - slightly movable
Diarthroses - freely moving (synovial joints)

37
Q

What are type A macrophage like synovial cells

A

They are phagocytic
Contain lysosomes to clear articular cavity of debris
Make up 25% of cells lining the synovium
Regulate inflammatory events

38
Q

What are type b fibroblasts

A

They produce synovial fluid (plasma filtrate)
Produce hyaluronate that combines with synovial fluid
Lubricates and nourishes the articular cartilage

39
Q

What are the layers of articular cartilage

A

Tangental, transitional, radial, calcified cartilage

40
Q

What is the tangental layer like?

A

Small chondracytes
Superficial layer devoid of cells
Collagen fibers run parallel to surface

41
Q

What is the transitional layer

A

Slightly larger and rounder chondrocytes than the tangental, occur both alone and in isogenous groups, collagen fibers are on the diagonal, this is the largest layer

42
Q

What is the radial layer?

A

Large chondrocytes that form radial columns, stacks are perpendicular to surface, collagen fibers follow the arrangement

43
Q

What is calcified cartilage

A

Rests on underlying cortex of bone, matrix of calcified cartilage stains darker and allows blending with bone

44
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A

Pain, tenderness, limited ROM, swelling, joint deformity

All due to the level of break down of cartilage

MSK! MSK! MSK! (15 decks)

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