Cartilage and Bone Flashcards
Cartilage is _____. Nutrients and waste materials pass to and from cells through matrix via diffusion. cartilage contains _____ embedded in extracelullar matrix
avascular
chondrocytes
Cartilage functions (2)
support soft tissues
guide development and growth of long bones
The three types of cartilage are:
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
hyaline cartilage is located at three main areas:
It is also the temporary _____ for the fetus until replaed with bone
- articular ends of long bones in adults
- walls of respiratory system (nose, larynx, trachea, bronnchi)
- Ventral ends of ribs.
skeleton
Hyaline cartilage matrix consists of an homogenous amorphorus ground substance with ______ aggregates (containing chronditin and ____ sulfate and hyaluronic acid).
proteoglyan
keratin
Hyaline cartilage matrix contains proteoglycan aggregates and ______ (a glycoprotein) embedded in type __ collagen
chondronectin
2
The area adjacent to chondrocytes is called the _____ matrix. It is poor in collagen but rich in _____
territorial (caspular)
glycosaminoglycans
The territorial matrix is very ____ and stains more intensely with PAS stain compared to the _____ matrix.
basophilic – due to sulfate groups
interterritorial (intercapsular) matrix
_____ is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds hyaline cartilage (Except at articular surfaces)
perichondrium
perichondrium consists of an outer fibrous layer that contains type _ collagen, fibroblasts and blood vessels. The inner cellular layer contains ______ cells and is the source of new cartilage cells.
1
chondrogenic
The _____ provides blood supply for the avascular cartilage
perichondrium
_____ are mature cartilage cells embedded in lacunae in the matrix
chondrocytes
chrondogenic cells form _____ that produce cartilage matrix. When surrounded in matrix, they are now called _____
chondroblasts
chondrocytes
Chondrocytes may occur in groups of 2-8 cells, called _____ groups. When the cells divide, they stay in the same lacunae
isogenous
Elastic cartilage has a ____ similar to hyaline cartilage. The distinction is that elastic cartilage matrix contains a network of ____ _____ that give a yellowish color to the cartilage.
perichondrium
elastic fibers
Elastic cartilage is located where flexible support is required, such as: 3 examples. Elastic cartilage is ____ prone to degeneration than hyaline
external ear, eustachian tube, epiglottis of larynx
less
fibrocartilage has no _____. It has alternating rows of fibroblast derived chondrocytes and thick bundles of type _ collagen. Chrondrocytes align along lines of ____
perichondrium
1
stress
Fibrocartilage is found where support and tensile strength is needed, such as: 5 examples
IV disks, articular disks, pubic symphisis, tendon/ligament insertions, knee joint menisci