Cartilage Flashcards
What is the definition of Connective Tissue (CT)?
Cells + fibres + ground substance
Connective tissue is a fundamental tissue type in the body that supports, binds together, and protects tissues and organs.
What are fibroblasts?
Fibre producing cells
Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue and are responsible for synthesizing the extracellular matrix.
What are proteoglycans?
Component of ground substance
Proteoglycans are large molecules consisting of a core protein and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains.
What are glycosaminoglycans (GAG)?
Component of ground substance
GAGs are long unbranched polysaccharides that play a crucial role in the structure and function of the extracellular matrix.
What is hyaluronan?
A GAG, component of ground substance
Hyaluronan is a non-sulfated GAG that is important for tissue hydration and lubrication.
What does the prefix ‘chondro’ refer to?
Relates to cartilage
This prefix is derived from the Greek word for cartilage, indicating its association with this specific type of tissue.
What is subchondral bone?
Bone below the cartilage
Subchondral bone provides support to the cartilage and is crucial for joint function.
What are the two main classifications of connective tissue?
Irregular CT and Regular CT
These classifications are based on the arrangement of collagen fibers within the tissue.
What is the primary component of extracellular matrix (ECM)?
Fibres + Ground substance
The extracellular matrix provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.
What are the two types of cells present in connective tissue?
Resident cells and Migrant cells
Resident cells are locally residing, while migrant cells are produced in the bone marrow and migrate through the bloodstream.
What is the shape of adipocytes?
Oval or spherical
Adipocytes are specialized cells for storing fat and can be found singly or in groups.
What is the main function of fibroblasts?
Produce extracellular matrix
Fibroblasts play a critical role in wound healing and tissue repair.
What are the main types of collagen?
- Type I: dermis, bone, tendon, ligaments
- Type II: cartilage
- Type III: dermis
- Type IV: basal lamina
Collagen types differ in structure and function, with Type I being the most abundant.
What is the appearance of hyaline cartilage?
Opalescent appearance
Hyaline cartilage is characterized by a smooth, glassy surface and is found in joints and respiratory structures.
What distinguishes articular cartilage from other types of cartilage?
Absent perichondrium
Articular cartilage is specialized to provide a smooth surface for joint movement and does not have a surrounding perichondrium.
Fill in the blank: Cartilage tissue is _______.
Avascular
This means that cartilage does not have its own blood supply and relies on diffusion for nutrient delivery.
What is the primary function of white fibrocartilage?
Load bearing function - resists high compressive forces
White fibrocartilage is found in areas such as intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis.
What is the composition of yellow elastic cartilage?
Type II collagen and elastin fibres
Yellow elastic cartilage allows for flexibility and resilience, found in structures such as the ear.
What is the role of chondrocytes in cartilage?
Maintains the matrix of the cartilage
Chondrocytes are mature cartilage cells that help in maintaining the structural integrity of the cartilage matrix.
What is the significance of the perichondrium?
Covers cartilage except articular surfaces
The perichondrium provides support and nourishment to cartilage tissue.
