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w.RADT 171: Fundamentals II > carter questions ch. 2-10 (no ch. 8) > Flashcards

carter questions ch. 2-10 (no ch. 8) Flashcards

1
Q

an image formed by recording a continuous changing signal is know as

A

analog

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2
Q

the arrangement of pixels in rows and columns is known as

A

matrix

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3
Q

the amount of tissue included in the image is

A

field of view

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4
Q

the measurement of the radiation that was incident on the image receptor for a particular exposure is known as

A

K(ind)

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5
Q

the difference between the actual exposure and the target exposure is known as

A

DI

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6
Q

contrast resolution is a digital system’s ability to

A

show small differences in gray levels

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7
Q

true/false: dynamic range is the ability of a digital imaging system to respond to varying levels of exposure

A

true

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8
Q

true/false: spatial resolution in digital imaging is dependent on pixel size

A

true

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9
Q

true/false: the best component in a digital system will determine the resolution in a digital image

A

false

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10
Q

which of the following measures the efficiency of a system to convert the x-ray input signal into a useful output image?

-MTF
-DQE
-exposure latitude
-spatial resolution

A

DQE

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11
Q

The useful signal is determined during which part of the imaging cycle?

A

image sampling

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12
Q

true/false: the Nyquist theorem states that the sampling frequency must be less than twice the frequency of the input signal

A

false

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13
Q

true/false: aliasing occurs when the sampling frequency is not greater than twice the frequency of the input signal

A

true

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14
Q

in digital projection radiography, what process is used to normalize an image that has been taken with too great exposure?

A

automatic rescaling

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15
Q

true/false: The look-up table that is used to determine the brightness and contrast of an image is unique for each anatomic part

A

true

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16
Q

Which processing technique will amplify particular known frequencies in an image while suppressing others?

-edge enhancement
-high-pass filtering
-masking

A

all of the above

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17
Q

true/false: Window width controls the brightness of the image on the display

A

false

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18
Q

true/false: Shuttering the digital image will reduce the exposure to the patient

A

false

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19
Q

Which processing parameter will put together multiple images into one single image for display?

A

image stitching

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20
Q

The active layer in a PSP plate is usually made of phosphors from what family group?

A

barium fluorohalide

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21
Q

Which layer of the PSP plate sends light in a more forward direction when released in the reader?

A

reflective

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22
Q

Which layer of the PSP plate reduces static electricity?

A

conductive

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23
Q

true/false: the barcode label is used by the reader to identify the PSP plate

A

true

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24
Q

The laser excites the electrons trapped in the phosphor centers so that the energy may be released in the form of

A

light

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25
Q

What device in the reader detects the light being released from the PSP plate during reading?

A

photodetector

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26
Q

The PSP plate is erased…

-after every PSP plate is read
-by flooding it with bright light
-manually by selecting the proper eraser method

A

all of the above

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27
Q

true/false: too much mAs will cause quantum mottle

A

false

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28
Q

true/false: if grid lines are present and run parallel to the scanning laser, the image will not have the moire pattern present

A

false

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29
Q

true/false: overexposure will reduce the contrast resolution

A

true

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30
Q

After processing the image, strange artifacts are present that look metallic but are not present on the patient or table. The cause could be…

A

the cassette was backward

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31
Q

true/false: A thorough cleaning of the light guide by the technologist will remove white lines parallel to the plate travel

A

false

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32
Q

true/false: Dark line artifacts can be caused by too much kVp in an exposure

A

true

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33
Q

true/false: The only way to get two overlying images is to double expose the cassette.

A

false

34
Q

***A photo conductor absorbs _____ and produces ____________

A

x-rays, electrical charges

35
Q

Which of the following is not considered a scintillator?
-gadolinium oxide
-cesium iodide
-amorphous selenium

A

amorphous selenium

36
Q

Which of the following is used as a photodetector?
–gadolinium oxide
-cesium iodide
-amorphous selenium
-a-Si:H

A

a-Si:H

37
Q

which of the following are not found in an AMFPI?
-a-Si TFT with CsI
-a-Se with TFT
-PSP
-Scintillator

A

PSP

38
Q

which detectors convert x-ray energy directly into electrons?

A

a-Se with TFT

39
Q

a gadolinium oxide scintillator is known as what type of phosphor?

A

turbid, unstructured

40
Q

true/false: Gain calibration will remove inherent detector artifacts form an image

A

true

41
Q

true/false: Offset correction is used to remove inherent signal that remains in a detector

A

true

42
Q

what can be done to decrease the change of having image lag occur in the next image?

A

Increase the amount of time between exposures

43
Q

Which type of absorbing material requires a capacitor as the storage element?

-a-Se
-photoconductor
-scintillator

A

A-Se and photoconductor

44
Q

A charge-coupled device (CCD) does all of the following except

-reduce size of projected light image
-transfer the image to a capacitor
-convert light into x-ray photons
-act as receptors via lenses or fiber optics

A

convert light into x-ray photons.

45
Q

The amount of electron/hole pairs is related to the amount of

A

light absorbed

46
Q

The layer in a CCD chip that contains the electron gates is the

A

polysilicon layer

47
Q

The insulating layer in a CCD chip is the

A

silicon dioxide layer

48
Q

a system that used scintillators that convert x-rays to light and light to electric charge and stores the charge in capacitors is known as a

A

CMOS

49
Q

A solid chemical element or compound doped with impurities that make it highly conductive is known as a

A

semiconductor

50
Q

true/false: most CMOS detectors use both N-type and P-type transistors to form the electrically controlled gate

A

true

51
Q

Which of the two technologies, CCD or CMOS, is more susceptible to noise, has a lower light sensitivity, uses very little power, and is inexpensive to manufacture?

A

CMOS

52
Q

A generic term that is used to describe a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data is a

A

computer

53
Q

how many bits are in a single byte?

A

8

54
Q

What keeps the radio frequencies generated within the computer electronics from interfering with outside devices?

A

the case

55
Q

What is the largest circuitry board inside the computer?

A

motherboard

56
Q

What device runs the startup diagnostics during boot-up of the computer?

A

BIOS

57
Q

true/false: Random access memory (RAM) will retain stored information after the computer has been shut down

A

false

58
Q

What is considered the most versatile type of port found on a computer?

A

USB

59
Q

true/false: The network card is designed to take the brunt of the force during a power surge

A

false

60
Q

Which of the following are types of computer mice?

-infrared
-mechanical
-optical

A

all of the above

61
Q

which type of monitor is most common in hospitals

A

LCD

62
Q

In which type of workstation can changes not be made to the patient demographics of an image set?

A

review station

63
Q

what does MIMPS stand for?

A

medical image management and processing system

64
Q

Which PACS device stores the historic image data to be viewed along with current studies?

A

archive server

65
Q

In which PACS architecture is the archive the central repository for all images?

A

client/server

66
Q

true/false: in a web-based system, images are sent directly from the modality to a display workstation for image interpretation.

A

false

67
Q

true/false: Monitor type and configuration is of no concern when implementing a PACS in a radiology department

A

false

68
Q

What workstation function will allow the user the ability to arrange a certain number of images per monitor per modality?

A

hanging protocols

69
Q

Which advanced image manipulation function will allow the radiologist to view several different anatomical planes from the original acquired sagittal images?

A

multiplanar reconstruction

70
Q

Which advanced image manipulation function will allow the technologist to join multiple images together as one?

A

stitching

71
Q

What part of the archive contains the master database of everything contained within the archive?

A

image manager

72
Q

What part of the archive contains the physical storage of images within the archive?

-image manager
-image storage
-archive server

A

both B and C

73
Q

What term is used to describe a layer of archive storage?

A

tier

74
Q

The term RAID stands for

A

redundant array of independent disks

75
Q

Which RAID configuration is a special-purpose network of storage devices?

A

SAN

76
Q

What device will scan an analog x-ray film into a PACS?

A

film digitizer

77
Q

What do dry imagers use to process the latent image on the film?

A

heat

78
Q

Which RAID configuration is directly attached to a network?

A

NAS

79
Q

Which RAID level is often seen in PACS archives?

A

5

80
Q

Which of the following are considered long-term storage devices?

-MOD
-DVD
-DLT
-RAID

A

all of the above

w.RADT 171: Fundamentals II (19 decks)

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