Career Development Flashcards
questions 501-600
Lifestyle and career development have been emphasized
since the beginning of the counseling and guidance movement and are still major areas of concern.
One trend is that women are moving into more careers that in the past were populated by males. Women workers are often impacted by the “glass ceiling phenomenon.” Assuming that a counselor’s behavior is influenced by the phenomenon, which statement would he most likely make when conducting a career counseling session with a female client who wants to advance to a higher position?
“Let’s be rational: A woman can only advance so far. You really have very little if any chance of becoming a corporate executive. I’m here to help you cope with this reality.”
Most research in the area of career development and its relationship to students indicates that
a very high proportion of students in high school and at the junior high or middle school level wanted guidance in planning a career. Career interests are more stable after college.
A dual-career family (or dual-worker couple) is one in which both partners have jobs to which they are committed on a somewhat continuous basis. Which statement is true of dual-career families?
Dual-career families have higher incomes than the so-called traditional family in which only one partner is working.
In the dual-career family, partners seem to be more self-sufficient than in the traditional family. In a dual-career household, the woman
is typically secure in her career before she has children.
Studies indicate that
students want more vocational guidance than they receive.
Statistics reveal that
on average, a worker with a bachelor’s degree earns over $10,000 a year more than a worker with a high school diploma.
When professional career counselors use the term leisure they technically mean
the time the client has away from work which is not being utilized for obligations.
In terms of leisure time and dual-career families/couples,
dual-career families/couples have less leisure time
A client who says, “I feel I cannot really become an administrator in our agency because I am a woman” is showing an example of
gender bias
One major category of career theory is known as the trait-factor (also called the trait-and-factor) approach. It has also been dubbed the actuarial or matching approach. This approach
attempts to match the worker and the work environment (job factors). The approach thus makes the assumption that there is one best or single career for the person.
The trait-and-factor career counseling, actuarial, or matching approach (which matches clients with a job) is associated with
Parsons and Williamson
The trait-and-factor or actuarial approach asserts that
testing is an important part of the counseling process.
a counselor can match the correct person with the appropriate job
In 1909 a landmark book entitled Choosing a Vocation was released. The book was written by Frank Parsons. Parsons has been called
the father of vocational guidance.
Which statement is not true of the trait-and-factor approach to career counseling?
The approach is developmental and thus focuses on career maturity.
Edmund Griffith Williamson’s work (or the so-called Minnesota Viewpoint) purports to be scientific and didactic, utilizing test data from instruments such as the
Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales
The trait-and-factor approach fails to take ________ into account.
individual change throughout the life span
Anne Roe suggested a personality approach to career choice
based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need
Roe was the first career specialist to utilize a two-dimensional system of occupational classification utilizing
fields and levels
All of the following are examples of Anne Roe’s “fields” except:
Unskilled
All of the following are examples of Anne Roe’s “levels” except:
Outdoor.
Roe spoke of three basic parenting styles: overprotective, avoidant, or acceptant. The result is that the child
will develop a personality which gravitates (i.e., moves) toward people or away from people.
Roe’s theory relies on Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in the sense that in terms of career choice
lower-order needs take precedence over higher-order needs.
Some support for Roe’s theory comes from
the Rorschach and the TAT
In terms of genetics, Roe’s theory would assert that
genetics help to determine intelligence and education, and hence this influences one’s career choice
According to Anne Roe, who categorized occupations by fields and levels,
the choice of a career helps to satisfy an individual’s needs
A 37-year-old white male states during a counseling session that he is working as a clerk at Main Street Plumbing. This verbalization depicts the client’s
job or position
Roe recognized the role of the unconscious mind in terms of career choice. Another theorist who emphasized the unconscious processes in this area of study was
Bordin
Edwin Bordin felt that difficulties related to job choice
are indicative of neurotic symptoms
Another career theorist who drew upon psychoanalytic doctrines was A. A. Brill. Brill emphasized ________ as an ego defense mechanism.
sublimation
A client who becomes a professional football player because he unconsciously likes to hurt people would be utilizing ________ according to Brill’s theory of career choice
sublimation
Today, the most popular approach to career choice reflects the work of
John Holland
Holland categorized ________ personality orientations which correspond to analogous work environments.
six
Most experts in the field of career counseling would classify Roe, Brill, and Holland as ________ theorists.
personality
Counselors who support John Holland’s approach believe that
an appropriate job allows one to express his or her personality
Holland mentioned six modal orientations: artistic, conventional, enterprising, investigative, realistic, and social. A middle school counselor is most likely
social.
Holland’s theory would predict that the vice president of the United States would be
enterprising
A client who wishes to work on an assembly line would fit into Holland’s ________ typology.
realistic
Holland’s psychological needs career personality theory would say that a research chemist is primarily the ________ type.
investigative
Holland’s artistic type seems to value feelings over pure intellect or cognitive ability. Which of the following clients would not be best described via the artistic typology?
A 33-year-old female drill press operator.
