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LPC > Assessment & Testing > Flashcards

Assessment & Testing Flashcards

Questions 601-700

1
Q

Appraisal can be defined as

A

the process of assessing or estimating attributes.

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2
Q

A test can be defined as a systematic method of measuring a sample of behavior. Test format refers to the manner in which test items are presented. The format of an essay test is considered a(n) ________ format.

A

subjective

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3
Q

The National Counselor Exam (NCE) is a(n) ________ test because the scoring procedure is specific.

A

objective

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4
Q

A short answer test is a(n) ________ test.

A

free choice

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5
Q

The NCE and the CPCE would be examples of a(n) ________ test.

A

forced choice

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6
Q

The ________ index indicates the percentage of individuals who answered each item correctly.

A

difficulty

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7
Q

Short answer tests and projective measures utilize free response items. The NCE and the CPCE uses forced choice or so-called ________ items.

A

recognition

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8
Q

A true/false test has ________ recognition items.

A

dichotomous

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9
Q

A test format could be normative or ipsative. In the normative format

A

each item is independent of all other items.

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10
Q

A client who takes a normative test

A

can legitimately be compared to others who have taken the test.

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11
Q

In an ipsative measure the person taking the test must compare items to one another. The result is that

A

you cannot legitimately compare two or more people who have taken an ipsative test.

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12
Q

Tests are often classified as speed tests versus power tests. A timed typing test used to hire secretaries would be

A

a speed test.

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13
Q

A counseling test consists of 300 forced response items. The person taking the test can take as long as he or she wants to answer the questions.

A

This is most likely a power test.

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14
Q

An achievement test measures maximum performance or present level of skill. Tests of this nature are also called attainment tests, while a personality test or interest inventory measures

A

typical performance.

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15
Q

In a spiral test

A

the items get progressively more difficult.

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16
Q

In a cyclical test

A

you have several sections which are spiral in nature.

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17
Q

A test battery is considered

A

a horizontal test

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18
Q

In a counseling research study, two groups of subjects took a test with the same name. However, when they talked with each other they discovered that the questions were different. The researcher assured both groups that they were given the same test. How is this possible?

A

The researcher gave parallel forms of the same test.

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19
Q

The most critical factors in test selection are

A

validity and reliability.

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20
Q

Which is more important, validity or reliability?

A

Validity

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21
Q

In the field of testing, validity refers to

A

whether the test really measures what it purports to measure.

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22
Q

A counselor peruses a testing catalog in search of a test which will repeatedly give consistent results. The counselor

A

is interested in reliability.

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23
Q

Which measure would yield the highest level of reliability?

A

A very accurate postage scale.

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24
Q

Construct validity refers to the extent that a test measures an abstract trait or psychological notion. An example would be

A

ego strength.

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25
Q

Face validity refers to the extent that a test

A

looks or appears to measure the intended attribute.

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26
Q

A job test which predicted future performance on a job very well would

A

have high criterion/predictive validity.

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27
Q

A new IQ test which yielded results nearly identical to other standardized measures would be said to have

A

good concurrent validity.

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28
Q

When a counselor tells a client that the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) will predict her ability to handle graduate work, the counselor is referring to

A

predictive validity.

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29
Q

A reliable test is ________ valid.

A

not always

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30
Q

A valid test is ________ reliable.

A

always

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31
Q

One method of testing reliability is to give the same test to the same group of people two times and then correlate the scores. This is called

A

test–retest reliability.

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32
Q

One method of testing reliability is to give the same population alternate forms of the identical test. Each form will have the same psychometric/statistical properties as the original instrument. This is known as

A

equivalent or alternate forms reliability.

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33
Q

A counselor doing research decided to split a standardized test in half by using the even items as one test and the odd items as a second test and then correlating them. The counselor

A

was testing reliability via the split-half correlation method.

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34
Q

Which method of reliability testing would be useful with an essay test but not with a test of algebra problems?

A

Inter-rater/inter-observer.

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35
Q

A reliability coefficient of 1.00 indicates

A

a perfect score which has no error.

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36
Q

An excellent psychological or counseling test would have a reliability coefficient of

A

.90.

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37
Q

A researcher working with a personality test discovers that the test has a reliability coefficient of .70 which is somewhat typical. This indicates that

A

70% of the score is accurate while 30% is inaccurate.

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38
Q

A career counselor is using a test for job selection purposes. An acceptable reliability coefficient would be ________ or higher.

A

.80

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39
Q

The same test is given to the same group of people using the test–retest reliability method. The correlation between the first and second administration is .70. The true variance (i.e., the percentage of shared variance or the level of the same thing measured in both) is

A

49%

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40
Q

IQ means

A

intelligence quotient.

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41
Q

________ did research and concluded that intelligence was normally distributed like height or weight and that it was primarily genetic.

A

Galton

42
Q

Francis Galton felt intelligence was

A

a unitary faculty.

43
Q

J. P. Guilford isolated 120 factors which added up to intelligence. He also is remembered for his

A

thoughts on convergent and divergent thinking.

44
Q

A counselor is told by his supervisor to measure the internal consistency reliability (i.e., homogeneity) of a test but not to divide the test in halves. The counselor would need to utilize

A

the Kuder–Richardson coefficients of equivalence

45
Q

The first intelligence test was created by

A

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon.

46
Q

Today, the Stanford–Binet IQ test is

A

a standardized measure.

47
Q

IQ stands for intelligence quotient, which is expressed by

A

MA/CA × 100.

48
Q

The Binet stressed age-related tasks. Utilizing this method, a 9-year-old task would be one which

A

50% of the 9-year-olds could answer correctly.

49
Q

Simon and Binet pioneered the first IQ test around 1905. The test was created to

A

discriminate children without an intellectual disability from children with an intellectual disability.

50
Q

Today the Stanford–Binet is used from age 2 to adulthood. The IQ formula has been replaced by the

A

SAS.

51
Q

Most experts would agree that the Wechsler IQ tests gained popularity, as the Binet

A

didn’t seem to be the best test for adults.

51
Q

The best IQ test for a 22-year-old single male would be the

A

WAIS-IV.

52
Q

The best intelligence test for a sixth-grade girl would be the

A

WISC-IV

53
Q

The best intelligence test for a kindergartner would be the

A

WPPSI-IV

54
Q

The mean on the Wechsler and the Stanford–Binet Intelligence scales (SB5) is ________ and the standard deviation is ________.

A

100; 15 Wechsler, 16 Stanford–Binet

55
Q

Group IQ tests like the Otis–Lennon, the Lorge–Thorndike, and the California Test of Mental Abilities are popular in school settings. The advantage is that

A

group tests are quicker to administer.

56
Q

The group IQ test movement began

A

with the Army Alpha and Army Beta in World War I.

57
Q

In a culture-fair test

A

tems are known to the subject regardless of his or her culture.

58
Q

The black versus white IQ controversy was sparked mainly by a 1969 article written by ________.

A

Arthur Jensen

59
Q

The MMPI-2 is

A

a standardized personality test.

60
Q

The word psychometric means

A

any form of mental testing.

61
Q

In a projective test the client is shown

A

neutral stimuli.

62
Q

The 16 PF reflects the work of

A

Raymond B. Cattell.

63
Q

The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator reflects the work of

A

Carl Jung

64
Q

The counselor who favors projective measures would most likely be a

A

psychodynamic clinician.

65
Q

An aptitude test is to ________ as an achievement test is to ________.

A

potential; what has been learned

66
Q

Both the Rorschach and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) are projective tests. The Rorschach uses 10 inkblot cards while the TAT uses

A

pictures.

67
Q

Test bias primarily results from

A

a test being normed solely on white middle-class clients.

68
Q

A counselor who fears the client has an organic, neurological, or motoric difficulty would most likely use the

A

Bender Gestalt II.

69
Q

An interest inventory would be least valid when used with

A

an eighth-grade male with an IQ of 136.

70
Q

One major criticism of interest inventories is that

A

they emphasize professional positions and minimize blue-collar jobs.

71
Q

Interest inventories are positive in the sense that

A

they are reliable and not threatening to the test taker.

72
Q

A counselor who had an interest primarily in testing would most likely be a member of

A

AARC.

73
Q

The NCE is

A

an achievement test.

74
Q

The ________ are examples of aptitude tests.

A

O*NET Ability Profiler and the MCAT

75
Q

One problem with interest inventories is that the person often tries to answer the questions in a socially acceptable manner. Psychometricians call this response style phenomenon

A

social desirability (the right way to feel in society).

76
Q

An aptitude test predicts future behavior while an achievement test measures what you have mastered or learned. In the case of a test like the ________ the distinction is unclear.

A

GRE

77
Q

Your supervisor wants you to find a new personality test for your counseling agency. You should read

A

professional journals.

the Buros Mental Measurements Yearbook.

classic textbooks in the field as well as test materials produced by the testing company.

78
Q

The standard error of measurement tells you

A

how accurate or inaccurate a test score is.

79
Q

A new IQ test has a standard error of measurement (SEM) of 3. Tom scores 106 on the test. If he takes the test a lot, we can predict that about 68% of the time

A

Tom will score between 103 and 109.

80
Q

A counselor created an achievement test with a reliability coefficient of .82. The test is shortened since many clients felt it was too long. The counselor shortened the test but logically assumed that the reliability coefficient would now

A

be lower than .82

81
Q

A counselor can utilize psychological tests to help secure a ________ diagnosis if third-party payments are necessary.

A

DSM or ICD

82
Q

A colleague of yours invents a new projective test. Seventeen counselors rated the same client using the measure and came up with nearly identical assessments. This would indicate

A

high reliability.

83
Q

Counselors often shy away from self-reports since

A

clients often give inaccurate answers.

84
Q

In most instances, who would be the best qualified to give the Rorschach Inkblot Test?

A

A clinical psychologist.

85
Q

Your client, who is in an outpatient hospital program, is keeping a journal of irrational thoughts. This would be

A

an informal assessment technique.

86
Q

You are uncertain whether a test is intended for the population served by your not-for-profit agency. The best method of researching this dilemma would be to

A

read the test manual included with the test.

87
Q

Clients should know that

A

a test is merely a single source of data and not infallible.

88
Q

One major testing trend is

A

computer-assisted testing and computer interpretations

89
Q

One future trend which seems contradictory is that some experts are pushing for

A

a greater reliance on tests while others want to rely on them less.

90
Q

Most counselors would agree that

A

more public education is needed in the area of testing.

91
Q

________ would be an informal method of appraisal.

A

A checklist

92
Q

The WAIS-IV is given to 100,000 individuals in the United States who are picked at random. A counselor would expect that

A

approximately 68% would score between 85 and 115.

93
Q

A word association test would be an example of

A

a projective test.

94
Q

Infant IQ tests are

A

more unreliable than those given later in life.

95
Q

A good practice for counselors is to

A

never generalize on the basis of a single test score.

96
Q

You want to admit only 25% of all counselors to an advanced training program in psychodynamic group therapy. The item difficulty on the entrance exam for applicants would be best set at

A

.25.

97
Q

According to Public Law 93–380, also known as the Buckley Amendment, a 19-year-old college student attending college

A

could view her record, which included test data.

could view her daughter’s infant IQ test given at preschool.

could demand a correction she discovered while reading a file.

98
Q

Lewis Terman

A

Americanized the Binet.

99
Q

In constructing a test you notice that all 75 people correctly answered item number 12. This gives you an item difficulty of

A

1.0.

  • The item difficulty index is calculated by taking the number of persons tested who answered the item correctly/total number of persons tested. Hence, in this case 75/75 = 1.0. This maximum score for item 12 tells you it is probably much too easy for your examinees.

LPC (6 decks)

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