Care of Family with a toddler Flashcards
Toddler age
1-3 years old
“no” means
negatism
knows as the terrible twos refer to
tantrums
birth weight is ___________ by 2 years
quadrupled
average weight gain
1.8 - 2.7 kg per year
average weight and height by 2
12 kg and 34 inch (86.6 cm)
head circumference by 2
2.5 cm (1 inch)
chest circumference
exceeds HC
HC is equals to CC by _____of age
1-2
sensory changes
full binocular vision
with preference to specific taste and texture
respiration in toddlers
abdominal
by age 18-24 months controls__________
sphineter
bladder capacity ________
increases
retain urine up to ______
2 hours
integumentary changes
epidermis and dermis are more tightly bound together.
immune system changes
-passive immunity from mother disappears
-IgG reaches adult level
-IgM - immunization
Gross development
1 year- walks alone
1.5 years - try to run but fail easily
2 years - stand on one foot, walk tip toe, climbs stairs
2.5 years - jump using boot feet
3 years - walk up and down to stairs
Fine motor development
6-9 mos - palmar grasp
9-10 mos - pincer grasp
1 year - grasp very small objects
15 mos - drop object in a narrrow-necked bottle
1.5 years - throw ball overhand, tower 3-4 blocks
2 years - tower 6-7 blocks, imitates circular stroke and vertical line
30 mos - 8 blocks or more
Psychosocial development
me do it stage
cognitive development
1-2 years - sensorimotor phase
2-4 years - pre-operational
Development of body image and gender identity
- 2 years - sense of maleness and femaleness
- masturbation
Social development
- separation anxiety
- individuation
- less fear of strangers
Language development
1 year - uses 1 word sentences
2 years - 2-3 words
30 mos - knows his/her name
3 years - 5/6 new words daily
type of play
parallel play - plays alongside w/o other children
Benefits of play
FELL : fantasy, exploring, locomotive, linguistic abilities
Temperament
tantrums
What to do during tantrums?
- Ignore the child
- praise the child if he/she stops crying
- set limits
Signs of excessive stress
- sucking
- biting
- aggressive behavior
management for stress
- best approach is prevention
- increase rest period
- prepare to upcoming change
- relaxation and imagery
preferred food
food with different color and shapes
Signs of readiness to toilet training
- awareness of urge to void or stool
- motivation to use toilet
- being dry for at least 2 hrs during day
prevention of motor vehicle injury
- car restraints
- should not be in front of the vehicle
______________ is the best safeguard against injury
active supervisio
Avoid placing heavy objects on top of furniture
avoid temptation
installing corner guards
edge protection
nutrition of toddlers
age of picky eaters
ritualism
sleep and activity
11-12 hrs of sleep
reluctant to sleep
Nursing diagnosis
- high risk for injury
- knowledge deficit
- Risk for infection
