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x 1st Year Med > Cardo Drugs > Flashcards

Cardo Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What do diuretics do?

A

Block Na+ reabsorption in kidneys

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of diuretic?

A

Thiazide

Loop

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3
Q

Give an example of a thiazide diuretic and what it is used to treat

A

Bendrofluazide

Used in Hypertension

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4
Q

Give an example of a loop diuretic and what it is used to treat

A

Furosemide

Used in heart failure

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5
Q

What are the side effects of diuretics?

A

Hypoalkaemia (low K+)
Hyperglycaemia (diabetes)
Increased uric acid (Gout)
Impotence

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6
Q

Give an example of a cardioselective beta blocker and what it is used to treat

A

Atenolol

Angina, hypertension, heart failure

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7
Q

Give an example of a non-selective beta blocker and what it is used to treat

A

Propanolol

Thyrotoxicasis

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8
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers?

A

Tiredness
Heart failure (good in medium/long term HF but can worsen short term HF)
Cold peripheries
Asthma (never use in established asthma)

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9
Q

What do calcium antagonists do?

A

Limit the increase in intracelluar calcium and hence limit the increase the contractility of cardiac and smooth muscle cells.

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of calcium antagonists?

A

Dihydropyridines

Rate limiting calcium antagonists

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11
Q

Give an example of a dihydropyridine and what it is used for

A

Amlodipine

Used in Hypertension and angina

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12
Q

What are the side effects of dihydropyridines?

A

Ankle oedema

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13
Q

Give an example of a rate limiting calcium antagonist and what they are used for

A

Verapamil, (diltiazem)

Used in hypertension, angina, AF and SVT

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14
Q

What should rate limiting calcium antagonists not be used with (except with extreme caution)

A

Beta blockers

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15
Q

What do alpha blockers do?

A

Block alpha adrenoceptors to cause vasodilatation

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16
Q

What are alpha blockers used in? and give an example of one.

A

Used in hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy

Doxazosin

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17
Q

What are the side effects of alpha blockers

A

Postural hypotension

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18
Q

What do ACEIs do?

A

Block angiotensin I from becoming angiotensin II

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19
Q

Give an example of an ACEI and what they are used for.

A

Lisinopril

Used in hypertension and heart failure

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20
Q

What are the side effects of ACEIs

A

Cough, renal dysfunction, angioneurotic oedema

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21
Q

What do ARBs do?

A

Block angiotensin II receptors

22
Q

What are ARBs used in? and give an example of an ARB

A

Used in Hypertension and heart failure

Losartan

23
Q

What are the side effects of ?

A

Renal dysfunction

24
Q

What do nitrates do?

A

Relax all types of smooth muscle (clinical doses = venodilators)

25
Q

What are nitrates used in and give an example of a nitrate

A

Used in angina and acute heart failure

Isosorbide mononitrate

26
Q

What are the side effects of nitrates?

A

Headache and hypotension/collapse

27
Q

What do antiplatelet agents do?

A

Prevent new thrombosis from forming

28
Q

Give examples of antiplatelet agents + what they are used for.

A

Aspirin + Clopidogrel

Used in Angina, acute MI, CVA/TIA, patients at risk of MI and CVA

29
Q

What are the side effects of antiplatelet agents?

A

Haemorrhage anywhere, peptic ulcer haemorrhage, aspirin sensitivity leading to asthma

30
Q

What do anticoagulents do?

A

Prevent new thrombosis from forming

31
Q

Give 2 examples of anticoagulants.

A

Heparin and Warfarin

32
Q

What are anticoagulants used in?

A

DVT, PE, NSTEMI, AF

33
Q

What are the side effects of anticoagulants?

A

Haemorrhage anywhere

34
Q

What is the action of anticoagulants reversed by?

35
Q

What do fibrinolytic drugs do?

A

Dissolve already formed clots

36
Q

Give examples of fibrinolytics.

A

Streptokinase

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

37
Q

What are fibrinolytics used in?

A

STEMIs, PE and CVA (selected cases)

38
Q

What are the side effects of fibrinolytics?

A

Serious risk of haemorrhage

39
Q

In what cases should fibrinolytic drugs be avoided?

A 
Recent haemorrhage
Trauma
Bleeding tendancies
Severe diabetic retinopathy
Peptic ulcer
40
Q

What do anticholesterol drugs do?

A

Block HMG CoA reductase

41
Q

What are the 2 types of anticholesterol drugs?

A

Statins

Fibrates

42
Q

Give an example of an statin and state what cases it would be used in.

A

Sinvastatin

Hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, angina/MI, CVA/TIA, and those at risk of MI or CVA

43
Q

What are the side effects of statins?

A

Myopathy and Rhabdomyolysis renal failure

44
Q

Give an example of a fibrate and state what they are used for.

A

Bezafibrate

Used in hypertriglyceridaemia and low HDL cholesterol

45
Q

When is adenosine used?

A

In the acute phase of supraventricular arrhythmias

46
Q

What other drugs are used in arrhythmias?

A

Amiodarone (long acting)
Beta blockers
Flecainide (for tacchyarrhythmias)

47
Q

What are the side effects of the anti-arrhythmic drugs?

A

Phototoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis, Thyroid abnormalities, thyroid abnormalities

48
Q

What are the 2 effects of digoxin?

A
  1. Blocks AV conduction - thus increases AV conduction delay

2. Increased ventricular irritability which produces ventricular arrthymias

49
Q

What is digoxin used for?

50
Q

What are the signs of digoxin toxicity?

A

N&V
Yellow vision
Bradycardia and heart block
Ventricular arrhythmias

x 1st Year Med (10 decks)

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