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x 1st Year Med > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of co-factors some enzymes use in order to function?

A

Prosthetic groups - firmly attached

Co-enzymes - loosely attached

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of specificity an enzyme can express?

A

Absolute - 1 substrate
Group - a group within a few substrates
Bond - one type of chemical bond
Stereochemical - acts of a steric or optical isomer

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3
Q

What 2 hypotheses are there about enzyme-substrate binding?

A

Lock and key

Induced fit

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4
Q

What 2 MAIN types of inhibitors are there for enzymes?

A

Reversible + irreversible

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5
Q

What are the different types of reversible inhibitor?

A

Competitive

Non-competitive

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6
Q

Name 2 other types of inhibitor.

A

Allosteric + Uncompetitive

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7
Q

What 2 types of enzyme assay can be performed?

A

Continuous and Discontinuous

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8
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The combination of all the enzyme catalysed chemical reactions which occur in all cells and tissues

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9
Q

What is catabolism?

A

Complex nutrient molecules are broken down into smaller simpler ones

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10
Q

What is anabolism?

A

Use smaller molecules to build large, complex ones

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11
Q

What is ATP?

A

The cell’s energy store

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12
Q

What is NAD/NADH?

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide/its reduced form - involved in ATP synthesis

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13
Q

What is FAD/FADH2?

A

Flavine Adenine Dinucleotide/ its reduced form - used mainly in ATP production

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14
Q

What is NADP/NADPH

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate/ its reduced form - used in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and nucleic acids

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15
Q

What are the starting and finishing molecules of glycolysis?

A

Glucose is converted into 2 pyruvate molecules

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16
Q

What are the products of glycolysis?

A

2xATP, 2xNADH and 2xpyruvate

17
Q

What is the role of the TCA cycle?

A

Oxidise pyruvate to produce carbon dioxide + generate reducing power to be used in the cell

18
Q

What are the products of the TCA cycle?

A

3x NADH + H+
2x CO2
1x FADH2
1x GTP

19
Q

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

It harvests the energy of NADH and FADH2 and it also allows regeneration of FAD and NAD+

20
Q

How many ATP have been produced by the end of the electron transport chain

A

30 (or 38 - depends on rounding)

x 1st Year Med (10 decks)

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