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x 1st Year Med > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first line treatment for epiglottitis?

A

Cefriaxone

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2
Q

What is the first line treatment for an exacerbation of COPD?

A

Amoxycillin

2nd line = Doxycycline

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3
Q

What is the first line treatment for CAP with a CURB65 score of 0-2

A

Amoxicillin

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4
Q

What is the first line treatment for CAP with a CURB65 score of 0-2 where the patient is penicillin allergic?

A

Doxycycine

clarithromycin if IV required

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5
Q

What is the first line treatment for CAP with a CURB65 score of 3 or more

A

Co-amoiclav

Clarithrymycin/Doxycycline

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6
Q

What is the first line treatment for CAP with a CURB65 score of 3 or more who is penicillin allergic

A

Levoflaxacin

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7
Q

What drug do all severe CAP cases step down to?

A

Doxycycline

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8
Q

What is the treatment for severe HAP?

A

Amoxicillin, Metronidazole + Gentamicin

step down to co-amoxiclav

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9
Q

What is the treatment for non-severe HAP?

A

Amoxicillin + Metronidazole

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10
Q

What drugs would be used with Legionnaires Disease?

A

Erythromycin/carythromicin + Levoflaxacin

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11
Q

What antibiotics would be given to a patient with Pneumocysitis carinii pneumonia?

A

Cotrimoxazole

Pentamidine

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12
Q

What antibiotic is used for fungal chest infections?

A

Amphotereicin B

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13
Q

What is the treatment regime for TB?

A 
2 Months of:
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

Then a further 4 months of:
Rifampicin
Isoniazid

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14
Q

What is the empirical treatment for Non-severe native valve endocarditis?

A

Amoxicillin + Gentamicin

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15
Q

What is the empirical treatment for severe native valve endocarditis or endocarditis in an IVDU?

A

Flucloxacillin

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16
Q

What is the empirical treatment for prosthetic heart valve of suspected MRSA endocarditis?

A

Vancomycin, Rifampicin + Gentamicin

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17
Q

Which drug(s) would be used primarily to treat endocarditis proven to be caused by Staph. aureus

A

Flucloxacillin

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18
Q

Which drug(s) would be used primarily to treat endocarditis proven to be caused by MRSA

A

Vancomycin + gentamicin

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19
Q

Which drug(s) would be used primarily to treat endocarditis proven to be caused by Viridans streptococci

A

Benzylpenicillin + Gentamicin

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20
Q

Which drug(s) would be used primarily to treat endocarditis proven to be caused by Enterococcus spp.

A

Amoxicillin/vancomycin + Gentamicin

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21
Q

Which drug(s) would be used primarily to treat endocarditis proven to be caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis?

A

Vancomycin + Gentamicin

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22
Q

What antibiotic(s) would be used to treat a non-severe c.diff infection?

A

Metronidazole

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23
Q

What antibiotic(s) would be used to treat a severe c.diff infection?

A

Vancomycin +/- Metronidazole

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24
Q

Which drugs would be used to treat peritonitis or a biliary tract/intra-abdominal infection?

A

Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Gentamicin

step down to co-trimoxazole + metronidazole

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25
Q

Which drugs would be used to treat peritonitis or a biliary tract/intra-abdominal infection in a patient who is penicillin allergic?

A

Vancomycin + Metronidazole + Gentamicin

step down to co-trimoxazole + metronidazole

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26
Q

What drugs would be used in diverticulitis if antibiotics were indicated?

A

Metronidazole + Co-trimoxazole

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27
Q

Which classes of antibiotic act on the cell wall?

A

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Glycopeptides

28
Q

Which classes of antibiotic inhibit protein synthesis?

A

Macrolides, Aminoglycosides, Others (Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracyclines)

29
Q

Which antibiotics act on bacterial DNA?

A

Metronidazole, Trimethoprim, Fluoroquinolones

30
Q

How are penicillins excreted from the body?

A

Rapidly via kidneys

31
Q

How are cephalosporins excreted from the body?

A

via kidneys

32
Q

How are glycopeptides excreted from the body?

A

via kidneys

33
Q

How are macrolides excreted from the body?

A

via the liver + biliary tract into the gut

34
Q

How are aminoglycosides excreted from the body?

A

via kidneys

35
Q

How is Clindamycin excreted from the body?

A

via the liver + biliary tract into the gut

36
Q

How is Chloramphenicol excreted from the body?

A

via the liver + biliary tract into the gut

37
Q

How are Tetracyclines excreted from the body?

A

via the liver + biliary tract into the gut

38
Q

How is Timethoprim excreted from the body?

A

via kidneys

39
Q

How are Fluoroquinolones excreted from the body?

A

via kidneys

40
Q

What are the different types of penicillins?

A

Benzylpenicillin, Phenoxmethyl penicillin, Long-acting penicillin, Flucloxacillin, Amoxicillin, Co-amoxiclav, Piperacillin/Tazobactam

41
Q

What are the different types of cephalosporins?

A

cefalexin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefrazimide

42
Q

What are the different types of glycopeptides?

A

vancomycin and tecoplanin

43
Q

What are the different types of macrolides?

A

erythromycin, clarythromycin, azithromycin

44
Q

What are the different types of aminoglycosides?

A

gentamicin

45
Q

What are the different types of tetracyclines?

A

Doxycycline

46
Q

What are the different types of Fluoroquinolones?

A

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin

47
Q

What is penicillin (3 types) used to treat?

A

Clostridium spp. and Streptococcus spp.

48
Q

What is flucloxacillin used to treat?

A

staph aureus infections (skin, wound, soft tissue)

49
Q

What is amoxicillin used to treat?

A

Clostridium spp., Strep spp., Enterococcus spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria spp.

50
Q

What is Co-amoxiclav used to treat?

A

all of the same as amoxicillin + Staph aureus, coliforms and Bacteroides spp.

51
Q

What is Piperacillin/Tazobactam used to treat?

A

everything except MRSA and pseudomonas aeruginosa

52
Q

What is cefalexin used to treat?

A

UTIs

53
Q

What is Cefixime used to treat?

A

Gonorrhoea

54
Q

What is Ceftriaxone used to treat?

A

meningitis

55
Q

What is ceftazidime used to treat?

A

Pseudomonas sp.

56
Q

What is vacomycin/teicoplanin used to treat?

A

organisms with a gram +ve wall

57
Q

What is erythromycin/clarythromycin/azithromycin used to treat?

A

Intracellular organisms e.g. Legionella, also infections of bacteria without a proper cell wall e.g. mycoplasma and chlamydia infections. Also clostridium spp., strep spp., staph aureus, neisseria spp., haemophilus influenzae

58
Q

What is gentamicin used to treat?

A

Gram -ve aerobic organisms:

Neisseria spp., coliforms, pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA, staph aureus

59
Q

What is Clindamycin used to treat?

A

2nd line for staph and strep infections

60
Q

What is Chloramphenicol used to treat?

A

Topically for eye infections

61
Q

What is doxycycline used to treat?

A

infections with bacteria without a proper cell wall (atypical pneumonia organisms) also infections in patients who are penicillin allergic

62
Q

What is metronidazole used to treat?

A

True anaerobes = Clostridium spp., Bacteroides spp.

63
Q

What is Trimethoprim used to treat?

A

can be used with suplphamethoxazole to give co-trimoxazole used in treatments of both gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria

64
Q

What is Ciprofloxacin used to treat?

A

complicated UTIs and UTIs in men <60

65
Q

What is levofloxacin used to treat?

A

severe CAP in penicillin allergic patients

x 1st Year Med (10 decks)

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