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ANAPHY 12 > CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: Part 2 > Flashcards

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What system can increase and decrease the heart rate depending on which division is activated?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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2
Q

This system allows cardiac muscle contracts spontaneously and independently of nerve impulses.

A

Intrinsic conduction system or Nodal System

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3
Q

True or False. Spontaneous contractions occur in a irregular and continuous way.

A

False. Regular

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4
Q

How many times does Atrial Cells beat per minute?

A

60

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5
Q

How many times ventricular cells beat per minute?

A

20 to 40

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6
Q

Nodal system is composed of?

A

Muscle tissue and special nervous tissue

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7
Q

Nodal system sets the heart’s?

A

Rhythm

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8
Q

This special tissue in the nodal system ensures heart muscle depolarization in one direction. Which direction?

A

Atria to Ventricle

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9
Q

How much beats does nodal system enforces per minute?

A

75

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10
Q

The sinoatrial node start each heartbeat. Why?

A

Because it has the highest depolarization

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11
Q

Aside from starting the heartbeat SA node is also known to create?

A

The pace of whole heart that’s why it’s also known as pacemaker.

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12
Q

Impulse spread through the atria to ___

A

The AV node

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13
Q

True or False. In the AV node the impulse is slightly delayed to give time to atria to finish contracting.

A

True

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14
Q

After AV node the impulse will travel where?

A

AV bundles, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers

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15
Q

Where is Purkinje fibers located?

A

Myocardium of the ventricular walls

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16
Q

AV bundle branches are located at?

A

Inter-ventricular septum

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17
Q

(Note) Ventricle contact; blood is ejected from the heart

A

-

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18
Q

Term for Rapid heart rate cover 100 beats per minute.

A

Tachycardia

19
Q

Term for slow heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute

A

Bradycardia

20
Q

Systole = contraction ; Diastole = ____

A

Relaxation

21
Q

Refers to complete heart beat in which both atria and ventricles contract then relax

A

Cardiac Cycle

22
Q

Average heart rate

A

75 beats/min

23
Q

Length of cardiac cycle

A

0.8 secs

24
Q

Longer, louder heart sound caused by the closing of AV valves.

A

Lub

25
Q

Short, sharp beat heart sound caused by the closing of the semilunar valves at the end of ventricular systole.

A

Dup

26
Q

Amount of blood pumped by each side (ventricle) of the heart in 1 min.

A

Cardiac Output (CO)

27
Q

Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one concentration (each heartbeat)

A

Stroke Volume (SV)

28
Q

True or False. Almost 70ml of blood is pumped out of the left ventricle with each heart beat.

A

True.

29
Q

True or False. CO is the quotient of HR and SV

A

False. Product.

30
Q

Time during which the left and the right ventricle contract and eject blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery, respectively.

A

Systole

31
Q

Time when ventricles are relaxed.

A

Diastole

32
Q

This process is also associated with diastole.

A

Ventricular filling

33
Q

-Heart is relaxed
-Pressure in heart is low
-Atrioventricular valves are open
-Blood flows passively into the atria and
into ventricles
-At this point also, the semilunar valves
are closed
-Lasts for about 0.7

A

I. Atrial Diastole (Ventricular Filling)

34
Q

-Ventricles remain in diastole
-Atria contract
-Ventricles are still in a relaxed mode
-Blood is forced into the ventricle to
complete ventricular filling

A

II. Atrial Systole

35
Q

-Atrial systole ends; ventricular systole
begins
-Intraventricular pressure rises causing
AV valves to close
-For a moment, the ventricles are
completely
closed
chambers

A

III. Isovolumetric Contraction

36
Q

-Ventricles continue to contract
-Intraventricular pressure now
surpasses the pressure in the major
arteries leaving the heart
-This results to: Semilunar valves
opening and ejection of blood from the
ventricles

A

IV. Ventricular Systole (Ejection Phase)

37
Q

-Ventricular diastole begins
-Pressure falls below that in the major
arteries
-Semilunar valves close
-For another moment, the ventricles are completely closed chambers
-When atrial pressure increases above the intraventricular pressure, this is the
time that the AV valves open

A

V. Isovolumetric Relaxation

38
Q

60% of blood in ventricles about how many ml is pumped with each heart beat?

A

70ml

39
Q

This law is the critical factor controlling SV is how much cardiac muscle is stretched. The more the cardiac muscle stretched, the stronger the contraction.

A

Starling’s law of heart

40
Q

The important factor influencing stretch of heart muscles.

A

Venous return

41
Q

Sympathetic nervous system speeds heart rate while parasympathetic nervous system slow and steady heart rate. What type of factor?

A

Neural (ANS) controls

42
Q

Epinephrine and thyroxine speed heart rate. What type of factor?

A

Hormones and Ions

43
Q

Age, gender, exercise, and body temperature. What type of factor?

A

Physical Factors

ANAPHY 12 (6 decks)

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