CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: Part 2

Question 1

What system can increase and decrease the heart rate depending on which division is activated?

Answer 1

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 2

This system allows cardiac muscle contracts spontaneously and independently of nerve impulses.

Answer 2

Intrinsic conduction system or Nodal System

Question 3

True or False. Spontaneous contractions occur in a irregular and continuous way.

Answer 3

False. Regular

Question 4

How many times does Atrial Cells beat per minute?

Answer 4

60

Question 5

How many times ventricular cells beat per minute?

Answer 5

20 to 40

Question 6

Nodal system is composed of?

Answer 6

Muscle tissue and special nervous tissue

Question 7

Nodal system sets the heart’s?

Answer 7

Rhythm

Question 8

This special tissue in the nodal system ensures heart muscle depolarization in one direction. Which direction?

Answer 8

Atria to Ventricle

Question 9

How much beats does nodal system enforces per minute?

Answer 9

75

Question 10

The sinoatrial node start each heartbeat. Why?

Answer 10

Because it has the highest depolarization

Question 11

Aside from starting the heartbeat SA node is also known to create?

Answer 11

The pace of whole heart that’s why it’s also known as pacemaker.

Question 12

Impulse spread through the atria to ___

Answer 12

The AV node

Question 13

True or False. In the AV node the impulse is slightly delayed to give time to atria to finish contracting.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

After AV node the impulse will travel where?

Answer 14

AV bundles, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers

Question 15

Where is Purkinje fibers located?

Answer 15

Myocardium of the ventricular walls

Question 16

AV bundle branches are located at?

Answer 16

Inter-ventricular septum

Question 17

(Note) Ventricle contact; blood is ejected from the heart

Answer 17

-

Question 18

Term for Rapid heart rate cover 100 beats per minute.

Answer 18

Tachycardia

Question 19

Term for slow heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute

Answer 19

Bradycardia

Question 20

Systole = contraction ; Diastole = ____

Answer 20

Relaxation

Question 21

Refers to complete heart beat in which both atria and ventricles contract then relax

Answer 21

Cardiac Cycle

Question 22

Average heart rate

Answer 22

75 beats/min

Question 23

Length of cardiac cycle

Answer 23

0.8 secs

Question 24

Longer, louder heart sound caused by the closing of AV valves.

Answer 24

Lub

Question 25

Short, sharp beat heart sound caused by the closing of the semilunar valves at the end of ventricular systole.

Answer 25

Dup

Question 26

Amount of blood pumped by each side (ventricle) of the heart in 1 min.

Answer 26

Cardiac Output (CO)

Question 27

Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one concentration (each heartbeat)

Answer 27

Stroke Volume (SV)

Question 28

True or False. Almost 70ml of blood is pumped out of the left ventricle with each heart beat.

Answer 28

True.

Question 29

True or False. CO is the quotient of HR and SV

Answer 29

False. Product.

Question 30

Time during which the left and the right ventricle contract and eject blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery, respectively.

Answer 30

Systole

Question 31

Time when ventricles are relaxed.

Answer 31

Diastole

Question 32

This process is also associated with diastole.

Answer 32

Ventricular filling

Question 33

-Heart is relaxed -Pressure in heart is low -Atrioventricular valves are open -Blood flows passively into the atria and into ventricles -At this point also, the semilunar valves are closed -Lasts for about 0.7

Answer 33

I. Atrial Diastole (Ventricular Filling)

Question 34

-Ventricles remain in diastole -Atria contract -Ventricles are still in a relaxed mode -Blood is forced into the ventricle to complete ventricular filling

Answer 34

II. Atrial Systole

Question 35

-Atrial systole ends; ventricular systole begins -Intraventricular pressure rises causing AV valves to close -For a moment, the ventricles are completely closed chambers

Answer 35

III. Isovolumetric Contraction

Question 36

-Ventricles continue to contract -Intraventricular pressure now surpasses the pressure in the major arteries leaving the heart -This results to: Semilunar valves opening and ejection of blood from the ventricles

Answer 36

IV. Ventricular Systole (Ejection Phase)

Question 37

-Ventricular diastole begins -Pressure falls below that in the major arteries -Semilunar valves close -For another moment, the ventricles are completely closed chambers -When atrial pressure increases above the intraventricular pressure, this is the time that the AV valves open

Answer 37

V. Isovolumetric Relaxation

Question 38

60% of blood in ventricles about how many ml is pumped with each heart beat?

Answer 38

70ml

Question 39

This law is the critical factor controlling SV is how much cardiac muscle is stretched. The more the cardiac muscle stretched, the stronger the contraction.

Answer 39

Starling’s law of heart

Question 40

The important factor influencing stretch of heart muscles.

Answer 40

Venous return

Question 41

Sympathetic nervous system speeds heart rate while parasympathetic nervous system slow and steady heart rate. What type of factor?

Answer 41

Neural (ANS) controls

Question 42

Epinephrine and thyroxine speed heart rate. What type of factor?

Answer 42

Hormones and Ions

Question 43

Age, gender, exercise, and body temperature. What type of factor?

Answer 43

Physical Factors