Cardiovascular System Disorders Flashcards
Risk factors for cardiac disease.
Smoking, HTN, DM, males, hyperlipidemia, advanced age, hereditary.
Modifiers to reduce cardiac disease risk.
Smoking, diet, stress, obesity.
Medication for acute MI in V-tach.
Lidocaine.
Effect of caffeine on peripheral circulation.
Vasoconstrictor.
Important patient action when diagnosed with Berger’s disease.
Stop smoking.
Define complete bed rest.
No activities.
Remain silent.
Cause of peripheral or pulmonary congestion.
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Suspected condition with sudden chest pain, SOB, and thrombophlebitis.
Pulmonary embolism (PE).
Breath sounds after MI, tachycardia, air hungry, and cough with pink frothy sputum.
Crackles.
Clinical manifestations for right sided heart failure (RSHF).
Edema, SOB, JVD, hepatomegaly, anorexia, nausea, ascites.
Warning signs for Unna boot for venous static leg ulcer.
Too tight, diminished pulse, slow capillary refill, cool, mottled, numbness and tingling.
Signs of digoxin or lanoxin toxicity.
Visual disturbance (green halo), loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting.
Signs if hypokalemia when taking digoxin and furosemide.
Muscle weakness.
Muscle cramps.
Dysrhythmia.
Priority assessment for ambulatory patient with aortic femoral bypass graft.
Pedal pulse so that blood flow is still going through the foot.
Precautions for Nitro paste.
Gloves, alternate site, wash old site, date and time, measure amount, apply even layer, use provided paper strips for application.
History of patient with valvular disease.
Rheumatic fever.
Patient teaching for venous insufficiency with edema.
Don’t cross legs, low sodium diet, elevate legs above heart, avoid prolonged sitting or standing, use of compression socks, use of TED hose.
Signs of improvement with IV Lasix.
Increased urine output.
Clear lung sounds (no crackles).
Explain heart failure.
Heart hasn’t stopped, but is no longer pumping sufficiently.
Potentially lethal dysrhytmias.
Ventricular fibrillation.
Ventricular tachycardia.
Lifestyle changes for hypertension.
Decrease salt, less processed food, stop smoking, stop caffeine, stop amphetamines.
Important assessment for patient with MI.
Vitals during painful periods.
Define 3rd degree heart block.
Also known as complete heart block, condition in which the impulse generated in the SA node in the atrium does not propagate to the ventricles, due to a defect in the Bundle of HIS.
Patient teaching for endocarditis.
Prophylactic antibiotics prior to any invasive or dental procedure.
Orthopnea.
Have to sit or stand to breathe normally. If laying down the head must be up.
With LSHF is orthopnea a complication of the disease?
Yes.
Lung sounds for left sided heart failure (LSHF).
Crackles, bubbling.
Signs of pulmonary embolism (PE).
SOB, tachycardia, hypertension, respiratory distress, wheezing and crackles, tachypnea, low O2 sat, confusion, irritability, restlessness, diaphoretic, and…
Red bloody frothy sputum.
Cause of cardiomyopathy.
Cocaine.
Medications to treat venous thrombosis.
Heparin.
Coumadin.
Clot busters (streptokinase, urokinase).
Use of greenfield filter in the vena cava.
Prevents blood clots and emboli from entering the lungs.
Requirements to be considered normal sinus rhythm.
P wave before QRS.
Medication for super ventricular tachycardia (SVT).
Adenosine.
Describe ventricular fibrillation.
Rapid fluttering, reduced cardiac output, ischemia, an emergency situation.
