Cardiovascular System Disorders Flashcards
Risk factors for cardiac disease.
Smoking, HTN, DM, males, hyperlipidemia, advanced age, hereditary.
Modifiers to reduce cardiac disease risk.
Smoking, diet, stress, obesity.
Medication for acute MI in V-tach.
Lidocaine.
Effect of caffeine on peripheral circulation.
Vasoconstrictor.
Important patient action when diagnosed with Berger’s disease.
Stop smoking.
Define complete bed rest.
No activities.
Remain silent.
Cause of peripheral or pulmonary congestion.
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Suspected condition with sudden chest pain, SOB, and thrombophlebitis.
Pulmonary embolism (PE).
Breath sounds after MI, tachycardia, air hungry, and cough with pink frothy sputum.
Crackles.
Clinical manifestations for right sided heart failure (RSHF).
Edema, SOB, JVD, hepatomegaly, anorexia, nausea, ascites.
Warning signs for Unna boot for venous static leg ulcer.
Too tight, diminished pulse, slow capillary refill, cool, mottled, numbness and tingling.
Signs of digoxin or lanoxin toxicity.
Visual disturbance (green halo), loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting.
Signs if hypokalemia when taking digoxin and furosemide.
Muscle weakness.
Muscle cramps.
Dysrhythmia.
Priority assessment for ambulatory patient with aortic femoral bypass graft.
Pedal pulse so that blood flow is still going through the foot.
Precautions for Nitro paste.
Gloves, alternate site, wash old site, date and time, measure amount, apply even layer, use provided paper strips for application.
History of patient with valvular disease.
Rheumatic fever.
Patient teaching for venous insufficiency with edema.
Don’t cross legs, low sodium diet, elevate legs above heart, avoid prolonged sitting or standing, use of compression socks, use of TED hose.
Signs of improvement with IV Lasix.
Increased urine output.
Clear lung sounds (no crackles).
Explain heart failure.
Heart hasn’t stopped, but is no longer pumping sufficiently.
Potentially lethal dysrhytmias.
Ventricular fibrillation.
Ventricular tachycardia.
Lifestyle changes for hypertension.
Decrease salt, less processed food, stop smoking, stop caffeine, stop amphetamines.
Important assessment for patient with MI.
Vitals during painful periods.
Define 3rd degree heart block.
Also known as complete heart block, condition in which the impulse generated in the SA node in the atrium does not propagate to the ventricles, due to a defect in the Bundle of HIS.
Patient teaching for endocarditis.
Prophylactic antibiotics prior to any invasive or dental procedure.
Orthopnea.
Have to sit or stand to breathe normally. If laying down the head must be up.
With LSHF is orthopnea a complication of the disease?
Yes.
Lung sounds for left sided heart failure (LSHF).
Crackles, bubbling.
Signs of pulmonary embolism (PE).
SOB, tachycardia, hypertension, respiratory distress, wheezing and crackles, tachypnea, low O2 sat, confusion, irritability, restlessness, diaphoretic, and…
Red bloody frothy sputum.
Cause of cardiomyopathy.
Cocaine.
Medications to treat venous thrombosis.
Heparin.
Coumadin.
Clot busters (streptokinase, urokinase).
Use of greenfield filter in the vena cava.
Prevents blood clots and emboli from entering the lungs.
Requirements to be considered normal sinus rhythm.
P wave before QRS.
Medication for super ventricular tachycardia (SVT).
Adenosine.
Describe ventricular fibrillation.
Rapid fluttering, reduced cardiac output, ischemia, an emergency situation.
Intractable angina.
Angina that does not respond to any interventions.
Aneurysm.
Enlarged, dilated portion of an artery.
Most important thing to control for an aortic aneurysm.
Blood pressure.
Action for infected endocarditis.
Decrease activity, less activity puts less stress on the heart.
Holster monitor.
Portable EKG monitor.
HF readmitted for medication noncompliance.
Ask what the problem is.
Abnormal labs for RSHF.
SGOT.
BNP elevated.
Patient teaching for Raynaud’s disease.
Avoid extreme cold, wear mittens, warm clothes, stop smoking, reduce stress.
Classification of Procainamide.
Antidysrhythmic.
Flavor additive for low sodium diet.
Lemon juice.
Influenza like illness, chills, petechia present in mouth and legs, with heart murmur.
Endocarditis.
Suspected signs of electrolyte imbalance while taking hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ).
Weakness.
Fatigue.
Leg cramps.
Contraindicated medication for heparin.
Aspirin.
Nursing action for Spironolactone (potassium sparring diuretic) and high potassium levels.
Discontinue medication.
Action of Propranolol.
Decrease heart rate.
Decrease blood pressure.
Improve cardiac output.
Sign that Nitrodur patch is working.
No more chest pain.
Nursing intervention for permanent pace maker put under right subclavian.
Mobilize, abduction of the right arm.
Positioning for RSHF, dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea, SOB.
High flowers.
Patient assessment before administering Digoxin.
Obtain apical pulse.
Conditions with a pulse deficit.
Atrial fibrillation.
Heart failure.
Disease with poor peripheral circulation and poor heart function.
Heart failure.
Nursing action for acute MI, restless, and diaphoretic.
Determine heart rhythm.
Obtain vital signs.
Cardiac impulse pattern.
SA node - AV node - bundle of HIS - right and left bundle branches - AV bundle - Purkinje fibers
ECG deflections.
P - atrial depolarization.
QRS - ventricular depolarization.
T - ventricular repolarization.
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP).
Neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to ventricular expansion. Elevated BNP indicates HF.
Homocysteine.
Amino acid produced during protein digestion. Elevated homocysteine act as an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease, CVD, and venous thrombosis. Plays a role in blood clotting.
Types of aneurysms.
Fusiform, stretching.
Saccular, polyp.
Dissecting, tissue layer separation.
Pattern the heart contracts.
Both atria.
Both ventricles.
Interior lining of the heart, the valves, and the large vessels of the heart.
Endocardium.
Period of heart cycle where muscle fibers lengthen, heart dilates, cavities fill with blood, generally relaxation.
Diastole.
Right atrium receives blood from.
Superior and inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.
Observation while taking heparin.
Emesis, urine, and stools for blood.
Indication with HF, increased abdominal girth, increased body weight, and pitting edema.
Fluid retention.
Permanent complication of rheumatic fever.
Carditis.
Fluid IV infusion must be carefully monitored to avoid this complication.
Fluid overload of the circulatory system.
Nursing interventions for Hx of IV drug use developed acute infective endocarditis.
Activity restriction, less stress means less stress on the heart.
Patient teaching for PAD.
Avoiding exposure to cold and chilling.
Nursing intervention for diagnosis of activity intolerance.
Plan frequent rest periods.
Dependent edema, hepatomegaly, oliguria, JVD, abdominal distention.
Right sided heart failure (RSHF).
Signs of cardiogenic shock.
Hypotension, tachycardia, weak pulse.
Modifiable risks of coronary artery disease (CAD).
High cholesterol, obesity.
Neurohormone released from the left ventricle in response to volume expansion and pressure overload, used as a blood marker for identification of HF.
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP).
Normal range for BNP.
0-100 pg/mL.
Myocardial muscle protein released into circulation after myocardial injury, used in diagnosing MI.
Troponin I.
Two B-blocker medications approved for heart failure.
Carvedilol (Coreg).
Metoprolol (Toprol X-L).
Noninvasive diagnostic tool for evaluating HF patient.
Echocardiogram.
Nursing intervention for diagnosis of decreased cardiac output after MI.
Assess for dysrhythmia and hypotension.
Assess for oliguria.
Administer oxygen as ordered.
Common treatments for HF.
Cardiotonic drugs (digitalis).
Diuretic agents.
ACE inhibitors.
B-blockers.
Nitrates.
Thrombophlebitis.
Swelling (inflammation) of a vein caused by a blood clot.
Side effects of Imdur.
Dyspnea, cyanosis, uneven heart rate, syncope.
Sclerotherapy.
Treatment of vericos veins.
