Blood, Lymph, and HIV Flashcards
Disorder of white blood cells.
Leukopenia
Neutropenia.
Inadequate neutrophils.
Role of neutrophils.
Mature phagocyte WBCs critical in immunity.
Condition of inadequate platelets.
Thrombocytopenia.
Signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia.
Low B12, lethargy, bleeding, bruising, tongue very sore inflamed and burning.
Lab levels for iron deficient anemia.
Hemoglobin.
Lab levels for suspected anemia.
Hemoglobin and hematocrit.
Foods high in iron.
Spinach, red meat, eggs, organ meats, dark green leafy vegetables.
Treatment for hypovolemic anemia.
Blood transfusion of packed RBCs.
Cause of aplastic anemia.
Suppression of RBCs.
Lab levels for suspected aplastic anemia.
RBCs, Hct, Hgb, WBCs, platelets.
Types of blood cell cancers.
Leukemia - abnormal WBC.
Lymphoma - abnormal lymphocyte.
Multiple myeloma - hematopoietic cells in bone.
Leukemia.
Abnormal WBCs.
High WBC count.
Disease of low platelet count.
Thrombocytopenia ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura).
Factor absent in hemophilia.
Factor VIII.
Two most common antihemophilic factors.
Factor VIII.
Factor IX.
Role of Factor VIII.
Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin through thromboplastin.
Difference between Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Hodgkin’s has Reed-Sternberg cells.
Stages of lymphoma.
Stage I. Effects one primary lymph node.
Stage II. Effects region around lymph node.
Stage III. Spread beyond region.
Stage IV. Crossed above or below diaphragm.
Reaction to monitor when giving blood transfusion.
Temperature spike of +1 degree.
Common sign of lymphitis.
Massive edema in the effected area.
Normal hemoglobin.
12-18
Normal hematocrit.
Men 42-52
Women 37-47
Normal RBC.
Men 4.7-6.1
Women 4.2-5.4
Normal platelet count.
150-400K
Normal prothrombin time.
11-12.5 seconds
Normal INR.
0.7-1.8
Normal partial thromboplastin time.
60-70 seconds.
Normal WBC count.
5,000-10,000
Normal sedimentation rate ESR.
Men 0-15
Women 0-20
Steps before blood transfusion.
Type and screen.
Type and crossmatch.
Two types of immunity.
Acquired.
Innate.
Innate immunity.
Skin, saliva, tears, acid in GI tract.
Drugs for less severe allergic reaction.
Benadryl.
Hydrocortisone.
Corticosteroids.
Examples of autoimmune disorders.
Lupus.
Rheumatoid arthritis.
Guillain-Barre.
Number of positive tests to confirm HIV diagnosis.
2+1=3
Two HIV diagnostic tests.
Wasserman (ELISA).
Western BLOT.
Time before HIV test can be performed.
3-6 months.
Determination of AIDS from HIV.
CD4 count less than 200.
Average length of time before HIV to AIDS conversion.
8-10 years.
Measure of packed cell volume of RBCs.
Hematocrit.
Gland that plays a role in the development of body’s immune system.
Thymus.
Location of the spleen in the abdominal cavity.
Upper left.
The abnormal cells noted in Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Reed-Sternberg cells.
Sign of iron deficient anemia.
Pallor (pale color, sickly looking).
Patient teaching for pernicious anemia.
B12 shots for life.
Probable treatment for polycythemia vera.
Phlebotomy with removal of 800mL of blood.
Laboratory indicator for DIC.
Elevated DDimer test.
Additional general symptom of pernicious anemia.
Neurological symptoms.
Intervention indicated for continued sickle cell crisis.
Therapeutic doses of opioid analgesics.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma is common with individuals who have had?
Infection by Epstein-Barr virus.
Common signs of thrombocytopenia during physical assessment of thrombocytopenia.
Petechiae.
Purpura.
Necessary for maturation of RBC.
Vitamin B12.
Folic acid.
Renal erythropoietin factor.
Iron.
Serious effects from acute blood loss greater than?
1,000mL.
Most important measure in preventing transmission of pathogens to a patient with depressed bone marrow function.
Hand washing.
Classify condition for chronic hypoxia, RBC 7, hemoglobin 20, hematocrit 50%.
Secondary polycythemia.
Vital signs for blood loss of 1500-2000mL.
Pulse - tachycardia.
BP - hypotension.
One unit of packed RBC is equivalent to how much hemoglobin?
1.
Humoral immunity is mediated by what cells?
B cells.
Cellular immunity develops when which cells are activated by an antigen?
T cells.
Desensitization is another term for what?
Immunotherapy.
Sign of systemic anaphylaxis response.
Wheezing.
Nursing intervention for anaphylaxis.
Assess respiratory status.
Maintain patent airway.
Administer epinephrine sub q.
Uses of plasmapheresis.
Exchange plasma that contains antinuclear antibodies with a substitute fluid.
Polycythemia Vera.
A disorder of the bone marrow. It mainly causes too much production of red blood cells, although the numbers of white blood cells and platelets are also increased.
Agranulocytosis.
A failure of the bone marrow to make enough white blood cells (neutrophils)
Idiopathic.
Of unknown cause.
Location of Hodgkin’s lymphomas.
Neck.
Underarm.
Groin.
Appearance of Karposis Sarcoma.
Tumors most often appear as bluish-red or purple bumps on the skin. They are reddish-purple because they are rich in blood vessels.
Sign of Lupus.
Butterfly rash.
Cyclosporine.
Immunosuppressive drug given for organ transplants.
Traditional medication regiment for Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
MOPP.