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LVN SEMESTER II > Blood, Lymph, and HIV > Flashcards

Blood, Lymph, and HIV Flashcards

1
Q

Disorder of white blood cells.

A

Leukopenia

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2
Q

Neutropenia.

A

Inadequate neutrophils.

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3
Q

Role of neutrophils.

A

Mature phagocyte WBCs critical in immunity.

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4
Q

Condition of inadequate platelets.

A

Thrombocytopenia.

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5
Q

Signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia.

A

Low B12, lethargy, bleeding, bruising, tongue very sore inflamed and burning.

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6
Q

Lab levels for iron deficient anemia.

A

Hemoglobin.

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7
Q

Lab levels for suspected anemia.

A

Hemoglobin and hematocrit.

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8
Q

Foods high in iron.

A

Spinach, red meat, eggs, organ meats, dark green leafy vegetables.

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9
Q

Treatment for hypovolemic anemia.

A

Blood transfusion of packed RBCs.

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10
Q

Cause of aplastic anemia.

A

Suppression of RBCs.

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11
Q

Lab levels for suspected aplastic anemia.

A

RBCs, Hct, Hgb, WBCs, platelets.

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12
Q

Types of blood cell cancers.

A

Leukemia - abnormal WBC.
Lymphoma - abnormal lymphocyte.
Multiple myeloma - hematopoietic cells in bone.

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13
Q

Leukemia.

A

Abnormal WBCs.

High WBC count.

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14
Q

Disease of low platelet count.

A

Thrombocytopenia ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura).

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15
Q

Factor absent in hemophilia.

A

Factor VIII.

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16
Q

Two most common antihemophilic factors.

A

Factor VIII.

Factor IX.

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17
Q

Role of Factor VIII.

A

Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin through thromboplastin.

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18
Q

Difference between Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

A

Hodgkin’s has Reed-Sternberg cells.

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19
Q

Stages of lymphoma.

A

Stage I. Effects one primary lymph node.
Stage II. Effects region around lymph node.
Stage III. Spread beyond region.
Stage IV. Crossed above or below diaphragm.

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20
Q

Reaction to monitor when giving blood transfusion.

A

Temperature spike of +1 degree.

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21
Q

Common sign of lymphitis.

A

Massive edema in the effected area.

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22
Q

Normal hemoglobin.

A

12-18

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23
Q

Normal hematocrit.

A

Men 42-52

Women 37-47

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24
Q

Normal RBC.

A

Men 4.7-6.1

Women 4.2-5.4

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25
Q

Normal platelet count.

A

150-400K

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26
Q

Normal prothrombin time.

A

11-12.5 seconds

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27
Q

Normal INR.

A

0.7-1.8

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28
Q

Normal partial thromboplastin time.

A

60-70 seconds.

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29
Q

Normal WBC count.

A

5,000-10,000

30
Q

Normal sedimentation rate ESR.

A

Men 0-15

Women 0-20

31
Q

Steps before blood transfusion.

A

Type and screen.

Type and crossmatch.

32
Q

Two types of immunity.

A

Acquired.

Innate.

33
Q

Innate immunity.

A

Skin, saliva, tears, acid in GI tract.

34
Q

Drugs for less severe allergic reaction.

A

Benadryl.

Hydrocortisone.

Corticosteroids.

35
Q

Examples of autoimmune disorders.

A

Lupus.

Rheumatoid arthritis.

Guillain-Barre.

36
Q

Number of positive tests to confirm HIV diagnosis.

A

2+1=3

37
Q

Two HIV diagnostic tests.

A

Wasserman (ELISA).

Western BLOT.

38
Q

Time before HIV test can be performed.

A

3-6 months.

39
Q

Determination of AIDS from HIV.

A

CD4 count less than 200.

40
Q

Average length of time before HIV to AIDS conversion.

A

8-10 years.

41
Q

Measure of packed cell volume of RBCs.

A

Hematocrit.

42
Q

Gland that plays a role in the development of body’s immune system.

A

Thymus.

43
Q

Location of the spleen in the abdominal cavity.

A

Upper left.

44
Q

The abnormal cells noted in Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

A

Reed-Sternberg cells.

45
Q

Sign of iron deficient anemia.

A

Pallor (pale color, sickly looking).

46
Q

Patient teaching for pernicious anemia.

A

B12 shots for life.

47
Q

Probable treatment for polycythemia vera.

A

Phlebotomy with removal of 800mL of blood.

48
Q

Laboratory indicator for DIC.

A

Elevated DDimer test.

49
Q

Additional general symptom of pernicious anemia.

A

Neurological symptoms.

50
Q

Intervention indicated for continued sickle cell crisis.

A

Therapeutic doses of opioid analgesics.

51
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma is common with individuals who have had?

A

Infection by Epstein-Barr virus.

52
Q

Common signs of thrombocytopenia during physical assessment of thrombocytopenia.

A

Petechiae.

Purpura.

53
Q

Necessary for maturation of RBC.

A

Vitamin B12.

Folic acid.

Renal erythropoietin factor.

Iron.

54
Q

Serious effects from acute blood loss greater than?

A

1,000mL.

55
Q

Most important measure in preventing transmission of pathogens to a patient with depressed bone marrow function.

A

Hand washing.

56
Q

Classify condition for chronic hypoxia, RBC 7, hemoglobin 20, hematocrit 50%.

A

Secondary polycythemia.

57
Q

Vital signs for blood loss of 1500-2000mL.

A

Pulse - tachycardia.

BP - hypotension.

58
Q

One unit of packed RBC is equivalent to how much hemoglobin?

A

1.

59
Q

Humoral immunity is mediated by what cells?

A

B cells.

60
Q

Cellular immunity develops when which cells are activated by an antigen?

A

T cells.

61
Q

Desensitization is another term for what?

A

Immunotherapy.

62
Q

Sign of systemic anaphylaxis response.

A

Wheezing.

63
Q

Nursing intervention for anaphylaxis.

A

Assess respiratory status.

Maintain patent airway.

Administer epinephrine sub q.

64
Q

Uses of plasmapheresis.

A

Exchange plasma that contains antinuclear antibodies with a substitute fluid.

65
Q

Polycythemia Vera.

A

A disorder of the bone marrow. It mainly causes too much production of red blood cells, although the numbers of white blood cells and platelets are also increased.

66
Q

Agranulocytosis.

A

A failure of the bone marrow to make enough white blood cells (neutrophils)

67
Q

Idiopathic.

A

Of unknown cause.

68
Q

Location of Hodgkin’s lymphomas.

A

Neck.

Underarm.

Groin.

69
Q

Appearance of Karposis Sarcoma.

A

Tumors most often appear as bluish-red or purple bumps on the skin. They are reddish-purple because they are rich in blood vessels.

70
Q

Sign of Lupus.

A

Butterfly rash.

71
Q

Cyclosporine.

A

Immunosuppressive drug given for organ transplants.

72
Q

Traditional medication regiment for Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

A

MOPP.

LVN SEMESTER II (8 decks)

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