Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cardiovascular system 1 > cardiovascular system anatomy > Flashcards

cardiovascular system anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what may the CVS also be known as?

A

circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the CVS is an organ transporting system, what doe is it transport?

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the CVS consist of?

A

heart, blood vessels (veins, arteries, capillaries), blood, lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which fluid surrounds cells?

A

interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

absorbs excess fluid (lymph) and returns it back to CVS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 2 loops of circulation?

A

pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe pulmonary circulation

A

. oxygen depleted blood passes from heart to lungs

. oxygenated blood returns to heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe systemic circulation

A

. oxygenated blood passes from heart to rest of body

. deoxygenated blood returns to heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the name for everything present in the chest other than the lungs?

A

mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name the 2 types of pericardium

A

parietal and visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what type of fluid is found between the 2 layers of pericardium?

A

serous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is contained within the 2 layers of pericardium?

A

pericardial activity containing pericardial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what structure equates to the bottom of the superior mediastinum?

A

sternal angle (bump of bone in chest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the heart forms the bulk of what structure?

A

inferior mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which tissue stops the heart jumping?

A

pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which vein drains all structure above the heart?

A

superior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which vein drains all structures below the heart?

A

inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why must the foetus retain nutrients and oxygen from the mother?

A

its lungs are not in use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which structure carries blood to the foetus from the placenta?

A

umbilical vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which structure present only in the foetus directs blood away from the liver?

A

ductus venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where does blood from the ductus venosus enter instead of the liver?

A

inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which structure present only in the foetus directs blood from the right to left side of the heart, bypassing the lungs?

A

Foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which structure present only in the foetus directs blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta?

A

ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the function of the ductus venosus?

A

directs blood away from the liver to the inferior vena cava

25
Q

what is the function of the foramen ovale?

A

directs blood from the right to left side of the heart, bypassing the lungs

26
Q

what is the function of the ductus arteriosus?

A

directs blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta

27
Q

which vessels supply the heart muscle?

A

coronary arteries

28
Q

which vessels drain the heart muscle?

A

coronary veins

29
Q

why is the left ventricle larger than the right?

A

it pumps blood all around the body as opposed to just the lungs

30
Q

what is the correct name for heart strings?

A

chordinae tindinae

31
Q

what is the function of chordinae tindinae?

A

hold things in place so valves don’t go backwards

32
Q

what structural defect may allow blood to travel from left to right side?

A

foramen ovale does not correctly shut

33
Q

what happens when the foramen ovale does not correctly shut?

A

blood travels from left to right, so right side under more pressure becoming larger and not pumping effectively

34
Q

what is the septum?

A

wall separating both chambers

35
Q

what is an increase in muscle size of RV or RA called?

A

hypertrophy

36
Q

describe the first heart sounds and what it is caused by

A

“lub” - loud noise due to closure of AV valves during ventricular systole

37
Q

describe the second heart sounds and what it is caused by

A

“dub” - softer sound due to closure of semilunar valves during atrial diastole

38
Q

which structures prevent valve flaps entering atria?

A

chordinae tindinae and papillary muscle

39
Q

give an example of a clinical condition caused by infection in heart valves

A

infective endocarditis

40
Q

give a clinical condition associated with blood supply to heart

A

coronary artery disease (CAD)

41
Q

name the 2 types of coronary artery disease

A

ischaemia and infarction

42
Q

describe ischaemia

A

collateral circulation (blood vessels develop round area of narrowing vessels), angina pectoris (chest pain)

43
Q

describe infarction

A

results in dead tissue

44
Q

what is another name for a heart attack?

A

myocardial infarction

45
Q

describe ventricular fibrillation

A

rapid irregular ventricle contraction
not compatible with pulmonary or systemic circulation
lead to cardias arrest

46
Q

describe atrial fibrillation

A

rapid, irregular contraction of diff parts of atria

47
Q

what is the effect of systole on arterial walls?

A

causes expansion

48
Q

what is the effect of diastole on arterial walls?

A

recoil

49
Q

how is blood flow maintained in arterial vessels?

A

varying capillary diameter

50
Q

name the 3 histological layers of arterial vessels

A

tunica intima, tunique media, tunica adventitia

51
Q

what type of fibres are present in tunica media?

A

elastic/smooth muscle

52
Q

the tunica adventitia consists of what type of tissue?

A

connective

53
Q

name some elastic arteries

A

aorta, common carotid, pulmonary

54
Q

name some muscular arteries

A

coronary, cerebral, radial, femoral

55
Q

what are arterioles?

A

terminal branches supplying capillary bed

56
Q

which type of arteries are generally closer to the hear?

A

elastic

57
Q

what is the venous system?

A

low pressure collecting system

58
Q

how is blood from the venous system sucked into the chest?

A

the chest has negative pressure

cardiovascular system 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions