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cardiovascular system 1 > arteries, veins and control of pulmonary vascular resistance > Flashcards

arteries, veins and control of pulmonary vascular resistance Flashcards

1
Q

name the types of blood vessels in the CVS

A

large arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, veins

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2
Q

which 2 primary cell types are the blood vessels in the CVS composed of?

A

endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells

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3
Q

where in the hear are endothelial cells found?

A

lining all vessels and in the inside of the heart chambers

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4
Q

what are endothelial cells in the heart important for?

A

local blood pressure control, preventing platelet aggregation and blood clot formation, angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels), vessel remodelling, permeability barrier for nutrients/fluid between plasma and interstitial fluid

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5
Q

which vessels is vascular smooth muscle found in?

A

all vessels except the smallest capillaries

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6
Q

what is the function of vascular smooth muscle in the CVS?

A

determine vessel radius by contraction and relaxation, secrete extracellular matrix giving vessels elastic properties

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7
Q

which disease causes vascular smooth muscle to multiply?

A

hypertension

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8
Q

why is arterial elasticity important?

A

allow large arteries to act as pressure reservoir, prevent pressure falling to 0 as blood leaves arteries during diastole

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9
Q

what is systemic circulation?

A

the portion of the cardiovascular system which transports oxygenated blood away from the heart through the aorta from the left ventricle

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10
Q

what is pulmonary circulation?

A

the portion of the circulatory system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the heart, to the lungs,

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11
Q

what is normal BP (systolic/diastolic)

A

120/80

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12
Q

what does MAP stand for?

A

Mean Arterial Pressure

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13
Q

what 2 equations can be used to calculate MAP?

A

. diastolic BP + 1/3 pulse pressure

. CO x TPR (total peripheral resistance)

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14
Q

what does pulse pressure equal?

A

systolic - diastolic BP

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15
Q

what is BP measured in?

A

mmHg

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16
Q

describe the structure of the aorta and arteries

A

very thick walled/ elastic

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17
Q

describe the structure of the capillaries

A

vast surface area, 1 cell thick

18
Q

describe the structure of the venules, veins and vena cava

A

very distensible

19
Q

which volume and type of blood does the aorta and arteries carry

A

small volume of blood at high pressure

20
Q

how does the structure of capillaries aid their function?

A

vast surface area for interchange of substances with extracellular fluid of tissues

21
Q

which type of blood vessels can be described as a collecting reservoir?

A

veins, venules and vena cava

22
Q

which blood vessels carry blood at low pressure?

A

veins, venules and vena cava

23
Q

which blood vessels contain most of the blood?

A

veins, venules and vena cava

24
Q

what is an erythrocyte?

A

red blood cell

25
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure?

A

the pressure the blood in capillaries exerts on the capillary wall

26
Q

what does hydrostatic pressure favour?

A

movement of fluid out of the capillaries

27
Q

what is colloid pressure?

A

intrinsic osmotic pressure due to plasma proteins

28
Q

what does colloid pressure favour?

A

movement of fluid into capillary

29
Q

what are the 2 ends of the capillary?

A

arterial and venous

30
Q

what happens to hydrostatic pressure as BP drops arterially to venously?

A

hydrostatic pressure decreases

31
Q

what happens to colloid pressure as BP drops arterially to venously?

A

remains the same as plasma proteins too large to leave capillary

32
Q

which end does fluid move into the capillary at?

A

venous

33
Q

what is the clinal name fro excess fluid in the lungs and what are 2 causes of this condition?

A

pulmonary oedema - high altitude or left heart failure

34
Q

which clinical condition causes jugular distension (bulging neck vein)

A

right heart failure

35
Q

what are the 2 types of alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists?

A

selective and non-selective

36
Q

what is the function of alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists?

A

decrease vasoconstriction tone

37
Q

which alpa-adrenoreceptor agonist is used therapeutically and why?

A

selective as it does not alter HR or CO, non-selective causes hypotension

38
Q

give an example of when we want to constrict blood vessels

A

nasal decongestants to vasoconstrictor mucosal blood vessels

39
Q

define hyperaemia

A

increased blood flow to organs

40
Q

define reactive hyperaemia

A

hyperaemia after blood flow is temporarily blocked

41
Q

define active hyperaemia

A

change in O2/CO2/cellular metabolites dilate arterioles

cardiovascular system 1 (6 decks)

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