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cardiovascular system 1 > blood composition > Flashcards

blood composition Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 components does blood consist of?

A

cells and plasma

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2
Q

which cells are present in blood?

A

erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets (thrombocytes)

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3
Q

what does blood plasma consist of?

A

extracellular fluid, water, electrolytes, organic molecules and plasma proteins

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4
Q

which blood cell is most common?

A

RBC

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5
Q

what is the function of an erythrocyte?

A

transport oxygen/CO2 round body

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6
Q

what is the function of a leucocyte?

A

immune cell

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7
Q

what is the function of a thrombocyte?

A

blood clotting

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8
Q

where are plasma proteins produced?

A

liver

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9
Q

name the 4 types of plasma proteins in blood

A

albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, regulatory proteins

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10
Q

what plasma protein is most common

A

albumins

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11
Q

what is the function of an albumin?

A

oncotic pressure, transport lipid

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12
Q

what is the function of a globulin?

A

immune function

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13
Q

what is the function of a fibrinogen ?

A

key component of blood clot

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14
Q

what is the active form of fibrinogen?

A

fibrin

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15
Q

name 2 regulatory proteins in blood

A

hormones and enzymes

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16
Q

what organic molecules are found in blood?

A

glucose, fatty acids, glycerides, amino acids

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17
Q

what shape are RBCs?

A

biconcave disc

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18
Q

how does a RBCs shape aid its function?

A

large surface area - rapid O2/CO2 transfer across cell membrane
able to bend in narrow capillaries
able to expand to accommodate fluid in hypotonic solution

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19
Q

where are RBCs formed?

A

red bone marrow

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20
Q

how are RBCs broken down?

A

removed from circulation and broken down by macrophages in the spleen

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21
Q

what 2 components are RBCs broken down to?

A

haem and globin

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22
Q

what happens to the globin once a RBC is broken down?

A

recycled or broken down to amino acids

23
Q

what happens to the haem once a RBC is broken down?

A

iron in haem used to produce new haemoglobin molecules

24
Q

what is the process of RBC formation known as?

A

erythropoiesis

25
Q

which hormone is erythropoiesis regulated by?

A

erythropoietin

26
Q

what are the results of erythropoiesis?

A

reduction in cell size, regression of nucleus, increased haemoglobin content

27
Q

which substances are required for regression of nucleus during erythropoiesis?

A

folic acid and vit B12

28
Q

how does erythropoietin production increase RBC production?

A

RBC numbers decrease, O2 delivery to cells decreases, O2 to kidneys decreases, erythropoietin released from kidney, RBC production in red bone marrow increased

29
Q

what does haemoglobin transport?

A

O2 and CO2

30
Q

which enzyme catalyses the formation of bicarbonate?

A

carbonic anhydrase

31
Q

which blood cell is carbonic anhydrase found in?

A

RBC

32
Q

which type of protein is haemoglobin?

A

globular

33
Q

which chains does haemoglobin consist of?

A

2 alpha and 2 beta

34
Q

how many haem groups are in a haemoglobin molecule?

A

4

35
Q

what does each haem group consist of?

A

porphyry ring and iron atom

36
Q

WBC can be divided into 2 categories, what are these?

A

granulocytes and agranulocytes

37
Q

name the granulocytes

A

neutrophil, basophil and eosinophil

38
Q

what is the function of neutrophil?

A

acute inflammation, phagocytic, non-specific defence

39
Q

what is the function of basophil?

A

circulating mast cell, produce heparin and histamine, blood clotting, inflammation

40
Q

what is the function of eosinophil?

A

allergic reaction, fight parasite

41
Q

what is the most common granulocyte?

A

neutrophil

42
Q

name the 2 agranulocytes

A

monocyte and lymphocyte

43
Q

what is the function of a monocyte?

A

become macrophage, present antigen to lymphocyte

44
Q

what is the function of a lymphocyte ?

A

T - cell mediated immunity

B - humoral immunity

45
Q

which class of WBCs are bug specific?

A

agranulocytes

46
Q

what are platelets derived from?

A

megakaryocytes

47
Q

which bus smaller and platelet or RBC?

A

platelet

48
Q

what process are platelets involved in?

A

haemostasis

49
Q

how do platelets stop blood flow?

A

they release vasoconstrictors (thromboxane AZ) which reduces blood vessel diameter, they then go into vessels forming a platelet plug

50
Q

what determines a persons blood group?

A

presence or absence of AB and rhesus antigens on a RBC surface

51
Q

will a rhesus negative person receiving rhesus positive blood be affected?

A

yes

52
Q

what blood group combination is incompatible when conceiving a 2nd child?

A

rhesus negative female conceiving 2nd rhesus positive child

53
Q

which blood group is given in emergency blood transfusion?

A

group O

54
Q

which blood type can receive any blood?

A

AB

cardiovascular system 1 (6 decks)

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