Cardiovascular System Flashcards
1
Q
What is the primary function of the heart?
A
To pump blood throughout the body.
2
Q
True or False: The heart is located in the left side of the thoracic cavity.
A
False; it is located in the mediastinum, slightly left of center.
3
Q
What are the four main chambers of the heart?
A
The left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and right ventricle.
4
Q
Fill in the blank: The __________ separates the left and right atria.
A
interatrial septum
5
Q
What structure prevents backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria?
A
Atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral valves).
6
Q
Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
A
Tricuspid valve.
7
Q
Multiple Choice: Which part of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs? A) Right ventricle B) Left atrium C) Right atrium D) Left ventricle
A
B) Left atrium
8
Q
True or False: The pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood.
A
False; they carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
9
Q
What is the outer layer of the heart called?
A
Epicardium.
10
Q
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the thick muscular layer of the heart.
A
myocardium
11
Q
What is the function of the pericardium?
A
To protect and lubricate the heart.
12
Q
Multiple Choice: Which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls? A) Left atrium B) Right atrium C) Left ventricle D) Right ventricle
A
C) Left ventricle
13
Q
What is the role of the aorta?
A
To carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.
14
Q
True or False: The heart has its own electrical conduction system.
A
True.
15
Q
What are the two main circuits of blood flow in the body?
A
The pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit.
16
Q
Fill in the blank: The __________ valves prevent backflow from the aorta and pulmonary artery into the ventricles.
A
semilunar
17
Q
What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node?
A
It acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart.
18
Q
Multiple Choice: Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the heart? A) Pulmonary veins B) Pulmonary arteries C) Aorta D) Coronary arteries
A
B) Pulmonary arteries
19
Q
True or False: The left ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
A
False; it pumps blood to the body.
20
Q
What is the interventricular septum?
A
The wall separating the left and right ventricles.
21
Q
Fill in the blank: The coronary arteries supply blood to the __________.
A
heart muscle
22
Q
What is the role of the atria in the heart?
A
To receive blood from the body and lungs.
23
Q
Multiple Choice: What structure connects the heart to the lungs? A) Aorta B) Pulmonary veins C) Pulmonary arteries D) Coronary veins
A
C) Pulmonary arteries
24
Q
True or False: The heart is a muscular organ that has three layers.
A
True.
25
What is the function of the valves in the heart?
To ensure one-way flow of blood through the heart.
26
Fill in the blank: The __________ are the small, thin-walled chambers of the heart.
atria
27
What type of blood do the pulmonary veins carry?
Oxygenated blood.
28
Multiple Choice: Which structure is responsible for the heart's rhythmic contractions? A) Atrioventricular node B) Coronary sinus C) Pericardium D) Myocardium
A) Atrioventricular node
29
What is the primary purpose of the heart valves?
To prevent the backflow of blood.
30
Fill in the blank: The right ventricle pumps blood to the __________.
lungs
31
What are the main blood vessels returning deoxygenated blood to the heart?
Superior and inferior vena cavae.
32
True or False: The heart receives oxygenated blood directly from the lungs.
False; it receives oxygenated blood through the pulmonary veins.
33
What is the significance of the cardiac cycle?
It describes the sequence of events in one heartbeat.
34
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the area of the heart where the electrical signals originate.
sinoatrial node
35
What is the role of the right atrium?
To receive deoxygenated blood from the body.
36
Multiple Choice: Which part of the heart is responsible for pumping blood to the entire body? A) Right atrium B) Left atrium C) Left ventricle D) Right ventricle
C) Left ventricle
37
True or False: The heart's left side deals with deoxygenated blood.
False; the left side deals with oxygenated blood.
38
What is the primary role of the myocardium?
To contract and pump blood.
39
What is the primary function of the heart?
To pump blood throughout the body.
40
True or False: The heart has four chambers.
True.
41
What are the names of the four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
42
Fill in the blank: The right atrium receives blood from the _______.
body.
43
What type of blood does the right ventricle pump to the lungs?
Deoxygenated blood.
44
What structure prevents backflow of blood in the heart?
Valves.
45
True or False: The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
True.
46
What is the name of the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve.
47
What is the role of the pulmonary arteries?
To carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
48
Fill in the blank: The _______ valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
Mitral (or bicuspid) valve.
49
What is the function of the aorta?
To distribute oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.
50
True or False: The heart is a muscular organ that contracts to pump blood.
True.
51
What is the name of the pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA) node.
52
What is the pathway of blood flow starting from the body?
Body -> Right atrium -> Right ventricle -> Lungs -> Left atrium -> Left ventricle -> Aorta -> Body.
53
Fill in the blank: Blood enters the left atrium through the _______.
Pulmonary veins.
54
What type of blood do the pulmonary veins carry?
Oxygenated blood.
55
What is the role of the coronary arteries?
To supply blood to the heart muscle itself.
56
True or False: The heart has its own electrical conduction system.
True.
57
What is the function of the right atrium?
To receive deoxygenated blood from the body.
58
What is the name of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Mitral valve.
59
Fill in the blank: The _______ ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle.
Left.
60
What is the purpose of the interventricular septum?
To separate the left and right ventricles.
61
True or False: Blood is pumped from the left ventricle into the pulmonary arteries.
False.
62
What is the primary difference between arteries and veins?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood to the heart.
63
What is the role of the aortic valve?
To prevent backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle.
64
Fill in the blank: The _______ system regulates the heart's rhythm.
Nervous.
65
What does the term 'cardiac cycle' refer to?
The sequence of events in a single heartbeat.
66
True or False: The left side of the heart handles oxygenated blood.
True.
67
What is the function of the valves in the heart?
To ensure one-way blood flow through the heart.
68
What does the term 'systole' refer to?
The contraction phase of the heart.
69
Fill in the blank: The _______ phase is when the heart muscle relaxes.
Diastole.
70
What is the role of the inferior vena cava?
To bring deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium.
71
True or False: The heart is located in the thoracic cavity.
True.
72
What is the name of the outer layer of the heart?
Epicardium.
73
What is the middle layer of the heart called?
Myocardium.
74
Fill in the blank: The inner layer of the heart is known as the _______.
Endocardium.
75
What is the function of the pulmonary circulation?
To carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and return oxygenated blood to the heart.
76
True or False: The systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood to the body.
True.
77
What is the role of the vena cavae?
To bring deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium.
78
What is the significance of the chordae tendineae?
They anchor the heart valves and prevent backflow.
79
Fill in the blank: The _______ arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
Coronary.
80
What is the name of the condition where the heart cannot pump effectively?
Heart failure.
81
True or False: The heart has two main circulatory pathways: pulmonary and systemic.
True.
82
What is the role of the left ventricle?
To pump oxygenated blood into the aorta.
83
What is an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
A test that measures the electrical activity of the heart.
84
What is coronary circulation?
The flow of blood to and from the tissues of the heart.
85
True or False: The coronary arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
True
86
What are the two main coronary arteries?
The left coronary artery and the right coronary artery.
87
Fill in the blank: The _____ artery branches into the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery.
left coronary
88
What is the function of the coronary veins?
To drain deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle.
89
Multiple Choice: Which artery supplies blood to the right side of the heart? A) Left coronary artery B) Right coronary artery C) Both A and B
B) Right coronary artery
90
What is a myocardial infarction?
A condition caused by the blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, often referred to as a heart attack.
91
True or False: Coronary circulation is primarily regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
True
92
What does the term 'ischemia' refer to?
A reduction in blood flow to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen and nutrients.
93
Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for the majority of the heart's blood supply.
left coronary artery
94
What is the role of the coronary sinus?
To collect deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle and return it to the right atrium.
95
Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions can affect coronary circulation? A) Atherosclerosis B) Hypertension C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
96
What is coronary artery disease?
A disease characterized by the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis.
97
True or False: The left anterior descending artery is often called the 'widowmaker' due to its critical supply to the heart.
True
98
What is the significance of collateral circulation in coronary circulation?
It provides alternative pathways for blood flow to the heart muscle when primary vessels are blocked.
99
Fill in the blank: The _____ arteries are the first branches of the aorta.
coronary
100
What is the primary function of the coronary arteries?
To supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
101
Multiple Choice: Which factor can impair coronary circulation? A) Smoking B) Regular exercise C) Healthy diet
A) Smoking
102
What is the effect of increased heart rate on coronary circulation?
It increases the demand for oxygen, requiring greater blood flow through the coronary arteries.
103
True or False: Coronary circulation is the only source of blood supply to the heart.
True
104
What is an angioplasty?
A medical procedure used to open narrowed or blocked coronary arteries.
105
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a network of arteries and veins that supplies blood to the heart.
coronary circulation
106
What are the symptoms of coronary artery disease?
Symptoms can include chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and fatigue.
107
Multiple Choice: Which imaging technique is commonly used to assess coronary circulation? A) X-ray B) MRI C) Coronary angiography
C) Coronary angiography
108
What lifestyle changes can improve coronary circulation?
Quitting smoking, regular exercise, and a healthy diet.
109
True or False: Stress has no impact on coronary circulation.
False
110
What is the significance of the right coronary artery?
It supplies blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, and parts of the heart's electrical conduction system.
111
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the layer of the heart that receives blood from the coronary arteries.
myocardium
112
What is the role of the endocardium?
It lines the heart chambers and is involved in the heart's electrical conduction.
113
Multiple Choice: Which risk factor is NOT associated with coronary artery disease? A) High cholesterol B) Low physical activity C) Excessive hydration
C) Excessive hydration
114
What is the purpose of a stent in coronary artery treatment?
To keep a blocked artery open and improve blood flow.
115
True or False: Coronary circulation can be affected by diabetes.
True
116
What is the relationship between coronary circulation and exercise?
Exercise improves coronary circulation by enhancing blood flow and reducing risk factors.
117
Fill in the blank: The _____ node is part of the heart's electrical conduction system and relies on coronary circulation.
sinoatrial
118
What are the potential consequences of untreated coronary artery disease?
Heart attack, heart failure, and arrhythmias.
119
Multiple Choice: Which of the following can be a sign of reduced coronary circulation? A) Dizziness B) Nausea C) Chest pain D) All of the above
D) All of the above
120
What is the role of nitric oxide in coronary circulation?
It helps to regulate blood flow by causing vasodilation of blood vessels.
121
True or False: The heart can function without coronary circulation.
False
122
What is a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)?
A surgical procedure to restore normal blood flow to an obstructed coronary artery.
123
Fill in the blank: The heart's ability to adapt to increased workload can be partly attributed to _____ circulation.
coronary
124
What is the impact of hypertension on coronary circulation?
It can lead to damage of the arteries and increased risk of coronary artery disease.
