Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Define The Heart, Blood, Blood Vessels

Answer 1

The Heart= Muscular pump which pushes blood around the body
Blood= Pumped by heart, two functions (provide oxygen, remove CO2)
Blood Vessels= Run blood throughout the body

Question 2

Pulmonary System

Answer 2

-Transportation of blood between lungs and heart
-Pulmonary Artery takes deoxygenated blood from right ventricle of the heart to lungs
-In the lungs, blood off-loads CO2 and becomes oxygenated
-Pulmonary vein takes oxygenated blood back to left atrium of the heart

Question 3

Systemic System

Answer 3

-Blood is pumped from left ventricle into the aorta
-The blood is transported to rest of the body via arteries
-Veins return blood to heart, which is low O2 and high CO2
-Blood enters the right atrium through vena cava
-Then moves into right ventricle and finally pulmonary artery to pulmonary system

Question 4

Role of Red Blood Cells

Answer 4

Carries oxygen around the body through the use of haemoglobin (iron-rich protein)

Question 5

Arteries

Answer 5

-Carry blood away from the heart
-Small lumen=high pressure of blood flowing
-Smooth muscle tissue for vasoconstriction and vasodilation (control of blood flow)

Question 6

Veins

Answer 6

-Carry blood back to heart
-Thin walls, contain valves to prevent back flow of blood
-Large lumen= blood moves slowly alongside valves (efficient blood flow)

Question 7

Capillaries

Answer 7

-Found around muscles, enable effective gas exchange
-Thin walls to allow for diffusion of waste products or nutrients
-One cell thick, comparatively large lumen

Question 8

Valves

Answer 8

-Prevent back flow of blood
-Tricuspid Valve (deoxy blood)
-Bicuspid Valve (oxy blood)
-Two semilunar valves (one deoxy, one oxy)

Question 9

Describe differences between Pulmonary Artery and Vein

Answer 9

-Oxygenated blood in pulmonary vein/ deoxygenated blood in pulmonary artery
-To the lungs/back from heart
-High pressure/Low pressure
-Thick walls + small lumen/ thin walls +large lumen

Question 10

Vascular Shunt

Answer 10

Redirection of blood flow to the areas where it’s most needed during exercise.

Question 11

Vasoconstriction

Answer 11

Narrowing of blood vessels to areas of the body not involved in excercise

Question 12

Vasodilation

Answer 12

Expanding of blood vessels supplying blood to areas of the body not involved in exercise.

Question 13

The Cardiac Cycle

Answer 13

-Image on machines
Systole: The heart contracts (emptying)
Diastole: The heart relaxes (fills with blood)

Question 14

Heart Rate

Answer 14

-Measured in beats per minute (bpm)
-Average resting heart rate is 75bpm
-Heart contracts and relaxes in a rhythm (heartbeat)

Question 15

Stroke Volume

Answer 15

-Volume of blood pumped out of heart by each ventricle in one contraction
-Measurement= millilitres per beat (ml per beat)

Question 16

Cardiac Output

Answer 16

-Amount of blood ejected from left ventricle in one minute
-Measurement= litres/min

Cardiac Output= Stroke Volume x Heart Rate