Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Components of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

Blood, vessels and the heart.

Question 2

Most abundant connective tissue

Answer 2

Fluid

Question 3

Blood composition

Answer 3

55% plasma and 45% formed elements.

Question 4

Blood colour

Answer 4

Bright red when oxygenated, dull maroon when deoxygenated.

Question 5

Blood cell formation

Answer 5

Occurs in the red marrow of long, flat and irregular bones.

Question 6

Thrombocytes

Answer 6

Also called platelets. Function to clot the blood. Require vitamin K to function.

Question 7

What controls the heart rate?

Answer 7

The medulla oblongata.

Question 8

Bradycardia

Answer 8

Heat rate slower than 50 beats per minute.

Question 9

Tachycardia

Answer 9

Heart rate faster than 100 beats per minute.

Question 10

Pulmonary vein

Answer 10

Only vein that carries oxygenated blood.

Question 11

Heart conduction

Answer 11

SA node to AV node, down the bundle of HIS, through the left and right bundle branches and through the Perkinje fibers.

Question 12

Skeletal muscle pump

Answer 12

Muscles squeeze the veins, pushing blood up. Valves prevent backflow.

Question 13

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 13

Pressure exerted between ventricular contractions.

Question 14

Systolic blood pressure

Answer 14

Pressure exerted during ventricular contraction.

Question 15

Circuits of the blood circulation

Answer 15

Systemic and pulmonary.

Question 16

Hepatic portal system

Answer 16

Blood returning from the body is diverted to pick up nutrients from the digestive system.

Question 17

Mass of blood

Answer 17

About 8% of the total body weight.

Question 18

Leukocytes

Answer 18

White blood cells.

Question 19

Granular leukocytes

Answer 19

Contain abundant granules in the cell cytoplasm. Includes neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils.

Question 20

Agranular leukocytes

Answer 20

Less numerous type of white bood cell. Includes monocytes and lymphocytes.

Question 21

Thrombocyte lifespan

Answer 21

7-10 days

Question 22

Layers of the heart

Answer 22

Epicardium, myocardium and endocardium

Question 22

Hemostasis

Answer 22

Process that stops bleeding and helps to keep blood within a damaged vessel.

Question 23

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 23

Found between the atria and ventricles. Produce the “lub” sound.

Question 24

Tricuspid valve

Answer 24

Right atrioventricular valve.

Question 25

Bicuspid valve

Answer 25

Left atrioventricular valve. Also called the mitral valve.

Question 26

Semilunar valves

Answer 26

Found between the ventricles and the large blood vessels.

Question 27

Chordae tendinae

Answer 27

Cords which hold the AV valves in place and prevent them from opening the wrong way.

Question 28

Cardiac cycle

Answer 28

Sequence of events during one heartbeat.

Question 29

Stage 1 of the cardiac cycle

Answer 29

Blood enters the right atrium and the right atrium contracts and pushes blood into the right ventricle.

Question 30

Stage 2 of the cardiac cycle

Answer 30

The right ventricle contracts and pushes blood through the pulmonary circuit.

Question 31

Stage 3 of the cardiac cycle

Answer 31

Blood moves through the left atrium and into the left ventricle. The left ventricle contracts and pushes blood into the aorta.