Cardiovascular system Flashcards
1
Q
Hemodynamics
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2
Q
It is not the absolute pressure at any point in the circulatory system that determines flow rate, but…
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3
Q
Pressure is defined as the difference in pressure between two points.
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4
Q
Resistance is the…
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5
Q
For fluid to flow…
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6
Q
Hydrostatic pressure is defined as…
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7
Q
Viscosity
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8
Q
Poiseuille’s equation
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9
Q
Laminar blood flow
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10
Q
Turbulent blood flow
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11
Q
Functions of the Cardiovascular System
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12
Q
Capillaries
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13
Q
Arterioles
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14
Q
Veins:
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15
Q
Arteries:
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16
Q
Atria
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17
Q
Ventricles
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18
Q
Septa
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19
Q
Pulmonary Circulation
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20
Q
Systemic Circulation
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21
Q
Left heart…
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22
Q
Right heart…
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23
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Parallel Blood Flow…
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24
Q
Serial Blood flow…
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25
Distribution of Blood Flow during Exercise
26
The Pericardium
27
Pericardium Structure
28
Serous Pericardium
29
The pericardial cavity
30
Cardiac Tamponade
31
Ventricular Walls
32
Epicardium
33
Myocardium
34
Endocardium
35
Cardiac Muscle Cells: Myocytes
36
Intercalated discs are...
37
Heart Valve Structures
38
The base of each flap is attached to...
39
what opens valves
40
Atrioventricular Valves
41
Tricuspid Valve (AV valves)
42
Bicuspid or Mitral Valve (AV valves)
43
AV valve apparatus
44
Chordae tendinea
45
Papillary muscles
46
Pulmonary Valve (semilunar)
47
Aortic Valve (semilunar valve)
48
semilunar valve apparatus
49
what closes the semilunar valves
50
The Cardiac Skeleton
51
The coronary arteries
52
The coronary veins
53
The coronary sinus
54
relationship between systole and dystole and the coronary arteries
55
The Cardiac Syncytium
56
Automaticity: Also known as autorhythmicity.
57
Contractile Cells:
58
Conducting Cells:
59
The internodal pathway
60
The AV bundle or the Bundle of His
61
The left and right bundle branches lead down to the interventricular section...
62
How the Heart Contracts
63
The Sinoatrial (SA) Node
64
The Atrioventricular (AV) Node
65
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
66
Membrane Potential
67
Fast Action Potentials
68
Slow Action Potentials
69
Cardiac Action Potentials: Ion Channels
70
Pacemaker potential
71
K+ potassium channels
72
SA Node and AV Node Action Potential:pacemaker potential
73
Depolarization
74
The repolarization phase
75
Fast Type-Atrial and Ventricular Muscle Cell Action Potential...
76
Notch phase
77
Ventricular Muscle Cell Action Potential:plataeu phase
78
Longer action potentail 250-300 msec...
79
Repolarization phase...
80
Electrocardiogram: ECG/EKG
81
P Waves
82
QRS Complex
83
From the beginning of the S wave to the start of the T wave...
84
T- Waves
85
Distance/space between wave are measured, timing is measured...
86
Partial AV node block
87
Complete AV node block
88
Cardiac Myocytes
89
Excitation Contraction Coupling in Cardiac Muscle: Contraction
90
Excitation Contraction Coupling in Cardiac Muscle: Relaxation
91
Refractory Period
92
Tetanic contraction
93
Systole:
94
Isovoumetric Ventricular contraction
95
Ventricular Ejection
96
Diastole:
97
Ventricular Fillings
98
End-Diastolic Volume
99
End-Systolic Volume
100
Stroke Volume
101
P Waves relation to pressure and volume...
102
QRS Complex relation to pressure and volume
103
T Waves relation to pressure and volume
104
The left and the right side of the heart are ejecting the same stroke volume...
105
Lub
106
Dub
107
Effect of the ANS on the Heart
108
Cardiac Output
109
Stroke volume is...
110
Heart rate is set by SA node...
111
frank starling mechanism
112
Contractility of the ventricles effecting stroke volume:
113
Afterload affecting stroke volume:
114
Sympathetic: Heart rate is increased by...
115
Parasympathetic: Heart rate is decreased...
116
Blood vessels are lined by smooth single-celled layer of endothelial cells...
117
The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart that...
118
Arteries
119
Arterioles
120
Arterioles: Intrinsic or Basal Tone
121
Extrinsic tone:
122
Local chemical changes such as CO2, 02, or Ht due to an increase in metabolic activity can...
123
Flow autoregulation (intrinsic)
124
Capillaries
125
Continuous Capillaries
126
Fenestrated Capillaries
127
Sinusoid Capillaries
128
Microcirculation
129
There isn't enough blood in the body for...
130
Precapillary sphinctors are...
131
Metarteriole:
132
Lipid soluable (like oxygen) move into the interstitial fluid through...
133
Lipid insoluable:
134
Bulk flow
135
Filtration
136
Reabsorption:
137
Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of...
138
Capillary hydrostatic pressure:
139
Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure:
140
Blood colloid osmotic pressure:
141
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure:
142
Bulk Flow: Net Exchange Pressures
143
Positive value: net fluid
Negative value: net fluid
144
Net Filtration and Net Reabsorption Along the Capillary
145
The venous system...
146
There is large venous network
147
The veins have smooth muscle which allows them to constrict...
148
The veins are high capacity vessels...
149
They are highly distensible...
150
Function of valves:
151
Varicose Veins:
152
Skeletal muscle pump:
153
Respiratory pump:
154
Frank Starling mechanism:
155
A minimum of 60 mmhg of pressure is needed to...
156
Compliance:
157
Arteries:
158
Systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure:
159
Mean Arterial Pressure:
160
MAP decreases as distance from the heart increases...
161
MAP= ___x ____
162
Short term regulation of MAP (seconds to hours)
163
How are action potentials from the baroreceptors regulated?
164
Long term regulation of MAP
165
Long term blood pressure is damaging...
