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Physl 210A > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Hemodynamics

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2
Q

It is not the absolute pressure at any point in the circulatory system that determines flow rate, but…

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3
Q

Pressure is defined as the difference in pressure between two points.

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4
Q

Resistance is the…

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5
Q

For fluid to flow…

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6
Q

Hydrostatic pressure is defined as…

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7
Q

Viscosity

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8
Q

Poiseuille’s equation

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9
Q

Laminar blood flow

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10
Q

Turbulent blood flow

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11
Q

Functions of the Cardiovascular System

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12
Q

Capillaries

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13
Q

Arterioles

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14
Q

Veins:

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15
Q

Arteries:

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16
Q

Atria

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17
Q

Ventricles

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18
Q

Septa

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19
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

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20
Q

Systemic Circulation

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21
Q

Left heart…

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22
Q

Right heart…

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23
Q

Parallel Blood Flow…

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24
Q

Serial Blood flow…

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25
Q

Distribution of Blood Flow during Exercise

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26
Q

The Pericardium

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27
Q

Pericardium Structure

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28
Q

Serous Pericardium

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29
Q

The pericardial cavity

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30
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

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31
Q

Ventricular Walls

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32
Q

Epicardium

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33
Q

Myocardium

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34
Q

Endocardium

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35
Q

Cardiac Muscle Cells: Myocytes

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36
Q

Intercalated discs are…

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37
Q

Heart Valve Structures

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38
Q

The base of each flap is attached to…

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39
Q

what opens valves

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40
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

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41
Q

Tricuspid Valve (AV valves)

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42
Q

Bicuspid or Mitral Valve (AV valves)

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43
Q

AV valve apparatus

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44
Q

Chordae tendinea

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45
Q

Papillary muscles

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46
Q

Pulmonary Valve (semilunar)

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47
Q

Aortic Valve (semilunar valve)

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48
Q

semilunar valve apparatus

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49
Q

what closes the semilunar valves

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50
Q

The Cardiac Skeleton

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51
Q

The coronary arteries

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52
Q

The coronary veins

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53
Q

The coronary sinus

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54
Q

relationship between systole and dystole and the coronary arteries

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55
Q

The Cardiac Syncytium

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56
Q

Automaticity: Also known as autorhythmicity.

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57
Q

Contractile Cells:

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58
Q

Conducting Cells:

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59
Q

The internodal pathway

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60
Q

The AV bundle or the Bundle of His

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61
Q

The left and right bundle branches lead down to the interventricular section…

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62
Q

How the Heart Contracts

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63
Q

The Sinoatrial (SA) Node

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64
Q

The Atrioventricular (AV) Node

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65
Q

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

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66
Q

Membrane Potential

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67
Q

Fast Action Potentials

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68
Q

Slow Action Potentials

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69
Q

Cardiac Action Potentials: Ion Channels

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70
Q

Pacemaker potential

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71
Q

K+ potassium channels

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72
Q

SA Node and AV Node Action Potential:pacemaker potential

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73
Q

Depolarization

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74
Q

The repolarization phase

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75
Q

Fast Type-Atrial and Ventricular Muscle Cell Action Potential…

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76
Q

Notch phase

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77
Q

Ventricular Muscle Cell Action Potential:plataeu phase

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78
Q

Longer action potentail 250-300 msec…

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79
Q

Repolarization phase…

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80
Q

Electrocardiogram: ECG/EKG

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81
Q

P Waves

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82
Q

QRS Complex

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83
Q

From the beginning of the S wave to the start of the T wave…

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84
Q

T- Waves

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85
Q

Distance/space between wave are measured, timing is measured…

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86
Q

Partial AV node block

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87
Q

Complete AV node block

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88
Q

Cardiac Myocytes

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89
Q

Excitation Contraction Coupling in Cardiac Muscle: Contraction

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90
Q

Excitation Contraction Coupling in Cardiac Muscle: Relaxation

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91
Q

Refractory Period

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92
Q

Tetanic contraction

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93
Q

Systole:

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94
Q

Isovoumetric Ventricular contraction

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95
Q

Ventricular Ejection

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96
Q

Diastole:

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97
Q

Ventricular Fillings

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98
Q

End-Diastolic Volume

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99
Q

End-Systolic Volume

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100
Q

Stroke Volume

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101
Q

P Waves relation to pressure and volume…

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102
Q

QRS Complex relation to pressure and volume

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103
Q

T Waves relation to pressure and volume

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104
Q

The left and the right side of the heart are ejecting the same stroke volume…

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105
Q

Lub

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106
Q

Dub

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107
Q

Effect of the ANS on the Heart

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108
Q

Cardiac Output

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109
Q

Stroke volume is…

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110
Q

Heart rate is set by SA node…

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111
Q

frank starling mechanism

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112
Q

Contractility of the ventricles effecting stroke volume:

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113
Q

Afterload affecting stroke volume:

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114
Q

Sympathetic: Heart rate is increased by…

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115
Q

Parasympathetic: Heart rate is decreased…

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116
Q

Blood vessels are lined by smooth single-celled layer of endothelial cells…

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117
Q

The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart that…

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118
Q

Arteries

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119
Q

Arterioles

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120
Q

Arterioles: Intrinsic or Basal Tone

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121
Q

Extrinsic tone:

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122
Q

Local chemical changes such as CO2, 02, or Ht due to an increase in metabolic activity can…

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123
Q

Flow autoregulation (intrinsic)

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124
Q

Capillaries

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125
Q

Continuous Capillaries

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126
Q

Fenestrated Capillaries

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127
Q

Sinusoid Capillaries

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128
Q

Microcirculation

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129
Q

There isn’t enough blood in the body for…

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130
Q

Precapillary sphinctors are…

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131
Q

Metarteriole:

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132
Q

Lipid soluable (like oxygen) move into the interstitial fluid through…

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133
Q

Lipid insoluable:

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134
Q

Bulk flow

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135
Q

Filtration

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136
Q

Reabsorption:

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137
Q

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of…

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138
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure:

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139
Q

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure:

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140
Q

Blood colloid osmotic pressure:

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141
Q

Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure:

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142
Q

Bulk Flow: Net Exchange Pressures

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143
Q

Positive value: net fluid
Negative value: net fluid

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144
Q

Net Filtration and Net Reabsorption Along the Capillary

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145
Q

The venous system…

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146
Q

There is large venous network

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147
Q

The veins have smooth muscle which allows them to constrict…

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148
Q

The veins are high capacity vessels…

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149
Q

They are highly distensible…

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150
Q

Function of valves:

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151
Q

Varicose Veins:

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152
Q

Skeletal muscle pump:

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153
Q

Respiratory pump:

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154
Q

Frank Starling mechanism:

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155
Q

A minimum of 60 mmhg of pressure is needed to…

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156
Q

Compliance:

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157
Q

Arteries:

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158
Q

Systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure:

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159
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure:

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160
Q

MAP decreases as distance from the heart increases…

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161
Q

MAP= ___x ____

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162
Q

Short term regulation of MAP (seconds to hours)

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163
Q

How are action potentials from the baroreceptors regulated?

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164
Q

Long term regulation of MAP

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165
Q

Long term blood pressure is damaging…

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Physl 210A (8 decks)

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