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Phlebotomy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

also called the circulatory system, brings (O2), nutrients, water, and other substances to the body.
- It carries waste products, metabolic waste, and (Co2) away from the cells to be excreted

A

Cardiovascular system

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2
Q

cardi/o, coron/o, cordi/o

A

heart

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3
Q

vascul/o, angi/o, vas/o

A

vessel

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4
Q

-logy

A

study of

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5
Q

-ar, -ous

A

pertaining to

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6
Q

apic/o

A

apex

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7
Q

arteri/o, arter/o

A

artery

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8
Q

-um

A

structure

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9
Q

myocardi/o

A

myocardium

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10
Q

Epi-

A

above, on top of

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11
Q

Pre-

A

before

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12
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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13
Q

pector/o

A

chest

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14
Q

brady-

A

slow

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15
Q

-cardia

A

heart condition

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16
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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17
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

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18
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

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19
Q

Layers of the heart wall :

A
  • Endocardium
  • Myocardium
  • Epicardium
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20
Q

Endocardium

A

the inner thin endothelial layer that lines the chambers and valves.

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21
Q

Myocardium

A

the middle and thickest layer of the heart, composed of cardiac muscles.

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22
Q

Epicardium
(visceral pericardium)

A

the outer layer that covers the heart.

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23
Q

Heart valves

A

The valve allows the blood to flow in one direction. There are 2 sets of valves.
- The heart has valves between the chambers and the arteries.

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24
Q

AV

A
  • Atrioventricular valves
    found between the atrium and ventricle.
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25
Q

Bicuspid
(mitral valve)

A

between the left atrium and left ventricle
- made up of two cusps or flaps

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26
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

between the right atrium and right ventricle
- made up of 3 cusps or flaps

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27
Q

SL

A
  • Semilunar valves
    found between the ventricles and arteries leading out of the heart
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28
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

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29
Q

Aortic valve

A

between the left ventricle and the aorta

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30
Q

Blood vessels

A

create a “pipeline” for blood to move out of the body and back to the heart

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31
Q

Arteries

A

strong, stretchy, thick-walled vessels that carry blood from the heart.

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32
Q

Arterioles

A

smaller arteries that move blood to the capillaries
- also involved with maintaining the blood pressure.

33
Q

Capillaries

A

thin-walled vessels that allow for exchange of oxygen, nutrients, waste products, and other substances between the blood and cells.

34
Q

Venules

A

collect blood from capillaries and begin the return journey to the heart.

35
Q

Veins

A

collect blood from the venules and return blood to the heart.

36
Q

a complex muscular organ that pumps blood around the body.

A

Heart

37
Q

Apex

A

(pointed tip) of the heart rests just above the diaphragm.

38
Q

Blood Flow

A

pathways or circulations

39
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs, gas exchange occurs, and oxygenated blood returns to the heart.

40
Q

Systemic circulation

A

oxygenated blood is pumped from the left side of the heart and moves through the body.

41
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) node

A
  • called the “pacemaker of the heart.”
  • located in the posterior, superior wall of the right atrium.
  • the electrical cells in the SA node generate the impulse that starts the heartbeat.
42
Q

the cardiac cells cycle through 3 states or steps in the same sequence for each impulse

A

States of the cardiac cell

43
Q

Polarized state

A
  • The “waiting” stage.
  • Before the impulse hits the cells, they are in a polarized state.
  • There is no electrical activity during the polarized state.
44
Q

Depolarized state

A

When the impulse hits the cells, the cells’ charges change.

45
Q

Repolarized state

A
  • Recovery phase
  • The ions move back to their original location.
  • This causes the cell’s charge to change.
46
Q

Systole

A

Heart is contracting

47
Q

Diastole

A

Heart is at rest
- atria filled with blood

48
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Paroxysmal chest pain that is often accompanied by (SOB) and a sensation of impending doom.

49
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heartbeat with ventricular contractions less than 60 bpm.

50
Q

Cyanosis

A

A bluish or grayish discoloration of skin, nail
beds, or lips caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood.

51
Q

Murmur

A

Abnormal heart sound heard during systole, diastole, or both, which may be described as a gentle blowing, fluttering, or humming sound.

52
Q

Syncope

A

Fainting, loss of consciousness.

53
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heartbeat, more than 100 bpm

54
Q

Claudication

A

Cramplike pains in the calves caused by poor circulation in the leg muscles.

55
Q

Venous distention

A

Enlarged or swollen veins.

56
Q

(SOB)

A

Shortness of breath

57
Q

Pericardial sac

A

like a pillowcase for the heart and protects from friction

58
Q

Septa

A

tissue walls between the chambers of the heart

59
Q

Median cubital vein

A

In the arm; commonly used for phlebotomy

60
Q

Septum

A

Thick muscular wall that divides the
heart into right and left sections

61
Q

Right atrium

A

Receives blood from the body

62
Q

Left atrium

A

Receives blood from the lungs

63
Q

What are the 2 kinds of cardiac cells ?

A

– Electrical
– Myocardial

64
Q

Digoxin

A
  • Medication that decreases the heart rate
  • strengthens contractions of the heart
65
Q

chordae tendineae

A

Cordlike tendons that attach the papillary muscle to the heart valve.

66
Q

Where does the right side of the heart pump blood to ?

A

The lungs

67
Q

embolus

A

An air bubble, blood clot, or foreign body that travels through the bloodstream and blocks a blood vessel.

68
Q

infarction

A

Tissue death.

69
Q

thrombus

A

A blood clot that blocks the flow of blood.

70
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing

71
Q

_____________ are thin-walled vessels that allow for exchange of oxygen, nutrients, waste products, and other substances between the blood and cells.

A

Capillaries

72
Q

Which type of artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary artery

73
Q

A simple sugar that is absorbed by the intestines, found in the blood, and is used by cells for energy is called:

A

glucose

74
Q

Before birth, what structure in a growing baby is responsible for shifting the majority of the blood from the umbilical vein and emptying it into the interior vena cava?

A

Ductus venosus

75
Q

What is another term used to describe high blood pressure?

A

Hypertension

76
Q

______________ is a temporary fall in blood pressure that occurs when a person rapidly changes from a recumbent position to a standing position.

A

Orthostatic hypotension

77
Q

________ occurs when there is not enough blood and oxygen getting to the organs and tissues and causes very low blood pressure.

A

Shock

78
Q

Which valve in the heart opens to allow blood to flow into the ventricle and then closes when the ventricle contracts to prevent backflow of blood into the atrium?

A

Atrioventricular valve

Phlebotomy (6 decks)

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