Assisting in Blood Collection Flashcards
hepat/o
liver
coagul/o
coagulation or clotting
-otomy
the process of cutting
phleb/o
vein
-puncture
to pierce the surface
syncop/o
faint, cut off, cut short
ven/i-
vein
-al
pertaining to
ante-
forward, before
anti-
against
cubit/o
elbow, forearm
-sepsis
infection
hem/o
blood
inter-
between
-lysis
breakdown, separation, destruction
Phlebotomy : is performed primarily to:
- Aid in diagnosing disease
- Monitor patient’s condition, treatment, or medication levels
- Document the existing good health of a patient
Blood Borne viruses identified as possible pathogen risks are :
- Hepatitis) B virus (HBV)
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Equipment used in routine phlebotomy :
- Personal protective equipment (PPE)
- Gauze
- Tourniquets
- Double pointed safety needles
- Winged infusion sets (butterfly)
- Disposable needle holder
- Evacuated stoppered tubes
- Sharps container
- Biohazard waste container
syncope
Fainting; a brief lapse of consciousness.
anticoagulants
Substances (medications or chemicals) that prevent the clotting of blood.
antiseptic
A substance that inhibits the growth of microorganisms on living tissue.
- it is used to cleanse the skin, wounds, and so on.
blood culture
A microbiological procedure in which a blood sample is placed in a nutrient medium and held at body temperature.
clot activators
Substances added to a venipuncture tube to enhance and speed up blood clotting.
hemoconcentration
A condition in which the concentration of blood cells is increased in proportion to the volume of plasma.
nosocomial
An infection that is acquired in a healthcare setting.
- Also known as healthcare acquired infections (HAI).
thixotropic gel
A chemically neutral gel added to evacuated blood tubes that creates a physical barrier between red blood cells and plasma or serum when the tube is centrifuged.
tourniquet
A device for temporarily constricting blood flow.
evacuated
A tube, flask, or reaction vessel in which a vacuum has been created.
plasma
The liquid portion of a whole blood sample that has not clotted due to an anticoagulant.
serum
The liquid portion of a clotted blood specimen that no longer contains its active clotting agents.
STAT
immediately; at this moment.
hematoma
An abnormal buildup of blood in an organ or a tissue of the body, caused by a leak or cut in a blood vessel.
aspirating
To draw off or remove by suction.
hemolysis
The breakdown of red blood cells with the release of hemoglobin.
Bevel
One end of the shaft is cut at an angle, which creates a very sharp point
Hub
designed to attach the needle to the vacuum tube needle holder or a syringe.
Evacuated collection tubes
- Color coded stoppers.
- The colored stoppers indicate the tube contents.
- They must be shatter resistant glass or plastic
Order of draw
stop light red. Green light go.
Sterile = blood cultures
filled first because they are sterile and shouldn’t be contaminated by other tubes
Light blue top
these tubes contain sodium citrate
Red or gold top
- red serum tubes have NO anticoagulants.
- Gold tubes have a clot activator in them and are filled next.
Green top
they have plasma in their anticoagulated specimen and are used when STAT results are needed
Lavender top
they contain EDTA anticoagulants that preserve blood cell morphology.
- Prevents blood from clumping
Gray top
draw last, the blood is used to test glucose or blood alcohol levels.
- Its additives may elevate electrolyte levels and damage cells if passed into other tubes
Routine venipuncture
Prep - prepare - perform - complete
20 gauge needle is most commonly used for ..
most commonly used for adult venipuncture
16 gauge needle is most commonly used for ..
most commonly used by blood bank for donations
23 gauge needle is most commonly used for ..
most commonly used for infants and the elderly
what angle should the needle enter the arm/vein ?
a 15 degree angle
a tourniquet should not be allowed on the arm longer than ..
1 minute
what color tube contains no additives ?
red tube
what is another name for a winged infusion set ?
butterfly
Which color is the tube and stopper that is used to collect specimens for serum analysis?
red
What color tubes are drawn last?
gray
A gray-top tube is collected for glucose testing but does not contain the required volume of blood. What effect will this have on the result?
false
Which needle lumen is used for blood bank procedures?
16 gauge needle
What effect will leaving the tourniquet on “too long” have when performing phlebotomy?
hemoconcentration
If more than one tube must be drawn during a venipuncture, which tube is drawn first?
blood culture tubes
Which location is the best site to use for capillary puncture on an infant?
the heel
Which gauge needle is used most frequently when drawing blood from the antecubital area?
21
After collecting a blood specimen for serum testing, how long must the sample sit in the rack before it is spun in the centrifuge?
30 to 60 minutes
When drawing a CBC, INR, and glucose, which is the correct order of draw?
blue, lavender, gray
hematoma
An abnormal buildup of blood in an organ or a tissue of the body, caused by a leak or cut in a blood vessel.
Nerve damage
can be a consequence of venipuncture, but the risk is very small. Preventive measures include:
* Avoiding the basilic vein for phlebotomy
* Refraining from “blind” probing if the vein is missed with the initial draw
Fainting
or syncope can be a serious consequence, so the phlebotomist must always be prepared to take action quickly.
- Make eye contact and observe the pt before phlebotomy to evaluate their state.
lancet
the device used to perform a dermal puncture, which delivers a quick puncture to a preset depth
Capillary puncture
wipe away the first drop of blood and collect the specimen. It can be collected in : microtainers tubes, capillary tubes, or onto filter paper.
- Use the heel for infants & ring finger or middle finger for adults
