Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Circulatory
circulate oxygen rich blood throughout the body
3 major structures of the Cardiovascular System
heart, blood vessels, the blood and cells
aorta
largest artery in the human body
muscular layers of the heart
myocardium, endocardium, pericardium
epicardium
innermost layer of the pericardium
myocardium
layer of cardiac muscle that makes up the middle layer of the heart
endocardium
innermost layer that lines the 4 chambers of the heart
4 valves of the heart
2 atrioventricular valves and 2 semilunar valves
atrioventricular valves
between the atria and ventricles on both sides of heart
right AV is tricuspid (3 flaps) left AV is bicuspid (2 flaps)
circulation
heart, lungs, and valves involved in getting oxygen to all the cells of the body
pulminary
blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart as oxygenated blood
systemic
blood pumps out of the left ventricle and is circulated to all the cells of the body
pathway as blood flows through the heart
inferior/superior vena cava –>right atrium–>tricuspid valve–>right ventricle–>pulmonary arteries–>lungs–>pulmonary veins–>left atrium–>mitral valve–>left ventricle–>aortic valve
conduction
the heart is an electrical system with specialized heart muscle cells with connections called intercalated di to move the electrical impulse across the heart
blood pressure
the pressure exerted by the blood against the wall of an artery or vein
systolic BP
top number shows pressure when the ventricles are pumping
diastolic BP
bottom number shows pressure between heartbeats when the heart is resting
sphygmomanometer
used to measure blood pressure: a blood pressure cuff
cardiologist
heart doctor
cardiovascular technologist
works in a cardiac cath lab and performs very complex procedures, including stent implants, cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators
telemetry nurse
These nurses are highly trained in using the latest electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG) and telemedicine technology, and are experts at identifying potentially dangerous heart rhythms.
temporal artery
temples on your head
cartoid artery
neck area
apical pulse
center of chest
brachial artery
crease in arm
femoral artery
top inner thigh (groin area)
radial artery
on wrist on thumb side
popliteal artery
knee
dorsalis pedis
front of ankle
pulse
rhythmic throbbing generated by heart contractions
brachial pulse point
used to take blood pressure ( on arm)
apiel pulse point
requires stethoscope (chest)
radial artery
most common pulse point (wrist)
aneurysm
localized, balloon-like dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery
angina
severe chest pain; angina pectoris
cardiac tamponade
excess fluid accumulates in the pericardium
congestive heart failure (CHF)
results from reduced blood flow from the heart with weakness, breathlessness, and edema in lower extremities
coronary artery disease (CAD)
narrowing of the coronary arteries, results in insufficient blood supply to the heart
atherosclerosis
plaque build up in the arteries
arrhythmia
irregular heartbeat
bradycardia
slow heartrate
tachycardia
fast heart rate
shock
peripheral blood flow is insufficient to return to the heart
embolus
mass of solid, liquid, or gas that travels through the bloodstream, usually causing obstruction (occlusion) of a blood vessel
thrombus
a blood clot that develops
arteri/o
artery
arteriol/o
arteriole (small artery)
ather/o
plaque; fatty buildup
bol/o
cast; throw
cardi/o
heart
coagul/o
coagulation; clotting
constrict/o
narrowing
coron/o
heart
cyan/o
blue
dilat/o
to enlarge or expand
electr/o
electricity
lumin/o
light
my/o
muscle
phleb/o
vein
pulmon/o
lung
rhythm/o
rhythm; heartbeat
angi/o
vessel (blood)
aort/o
aorta; largest artery
sept/o
wall; partition
son/o
sound
sphygm/o
pulse
systol/o
contraction
tens/o
stretched; strained
thromb/o
clot
tom/o
to cut
vas/o
vessel; duct
vascul/o
blood vessel
ven/i, ven/o
vein
ventricul/o
ventricle
venul/o
venule (small vein)
