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LSS 1 > Cardiovascular System 1 - Anatomy of The Heart > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System 1 - Anatomy of The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term superior

A

Higher

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2
Q

Define the term inferior

A

Lower

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3
Q

Define the term lateral

A

To the side, ie. not medial.

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4
Q

Define the term medial

A

Through the middle of the body, from head to toe

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5
Q

Define the term posterior

A

Behind

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6
Q

Define the term anterior

A

Infront

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7
Q

Define the term proximal

A

Close

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8
Q

Define the term distal

A

Further away than

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9
Q

What are the main types of view?

A
  • Parasagittal (to the side of the median)
  • Median/saggital (in the middle of the body)
  • Coronal (a slice that cuts the body from ventral to dorsal)
  • Transverse (a horizontal slice)
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10
Q

Recall the organisation of the pericardium

A
  • Visceral pericardium (a layer of serous tissue between the myocardium and pericardial space)
  • Parietal pericardium (a layer of serous tissue lining the fibrous pericardium and facing the pericardial space)
  • Visceral and parietal pericardium make up the serous membranes
  • Fibrous pericardium (connective tissue to protect the heart and hold its position)
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11
Q

What is the function of the pericardium?

A
  • Fibrous membrane - provides protection and structural support
  • Serous membranes - provide lubrication between the heart and fibrous membrane
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12
Q

Describe the pathway of bloodflow through the heart, starting at the vena cava

A
  • Blood enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava.
  • Blood then passes through the tricuspid valve and enters the right ventricle
  • Blood leaves the right ventricle and enters the pulmonary trunk via the pulmonary valve
  • Blood re-enters the heart through the pulmonary veins, at the left atrium.
  • It passes through the mitral (bicuspid) valve to the left ventricle, and then through the aortic valve to the aorta
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13
Q

What is a trunk vessel?

A

A large conjugate that splits into many sections and is usually quite short.

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14
Q

Where is the blood from the superior vena cava from?

A

The head, neck and upper limbs

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15
Q

Where is the blood from the inferior vena cava from?

A

The lower parts of the body

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16
Q

Define visceral

A

Visceral relates to the internal organs of the body

17
Q

Define parietal

A

This term defines the wall of the body, the body cavity or hollow structure.

18
Q

Describe the structural similarities and differences between the heart valves.

A
  • Similarities: the tricuspid valve, aortic valve and pulmonary valve all have three cusps (flaps)
  • Difference: The mitral valve has only two cusps. *This may be because it once had three but due to lung inactivity in the foetus two cusps fused together.)
19
Q

What are the layers of the blood vessel wall?

A
  • Tunica externa (connective tissue)
  • Tunica media (smooth muscle and elastic fibre, surrounded by the external elastic lamina and internal elastic lamina)
  • Tunica intima (squamous epithelium)
20
Q

What is another name for an artery?

A

Conduit vessels, as they carry blood from one location to another

21
Q

Recall the structure of the hearts wall

A
  • Endocardium (one cell thick, the layer between the heart and the blood)
  • Myocardium (the layer of cardiac muscle cells)
22
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the centre left of the thorax in a space called the mediastinum

23
Q

What is another name for arterioles?

A

Resistance vessels, as they control flow of blood to the capillary beds

24
Q

What is another name for a capillary?

A

Exchange vessels

25
Q

What is another name for a vein?

A

Capacitance vessels, as they contain the majority of the blood at any given time

26
Q

What are the three coronary arteries?

A
  • The right coronary artery, which splits to form the right conus artery
  • The left anterior descending (goes downwards)
  • The left circumflex (bends around the heart)
27
Q

What are the veins of the coronary circulation?

A
  • Anterior veins
  • Small cardiac vein
  • Right marginal vein
  • Middle cardiac vein
  • Anterior interventricular vein
  • Great cardiac vein
28
Q

Where do the cardiac veins meet?

A

At the coronary sinus, which leads to the right atrium

LSS 1 (35 decks)

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