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Pathophysiology > Cardiovascular Physiology VI > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Physiology VI Flashcards

1
Q

what type of control consist of intrinsic factors

A

local control

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2
Q

what type of control consist of extrinsic factors

A

central control

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3
Q

_____ control results in change of circulatory conditions at the level of tissue

A

local control

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4
Q

what are the 4 intrinsic factors of local control

A

o Autoregulation
o Metabolic activity effects
o Functional hyperemia
o Reactive hyperemia

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5
Q

_____ is the main factor in local regulation of blood flow

A

metabolic activity

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6
Q

Tissue with ______ receives higher O2 supply

A

higher metabolic activity

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7
Q

If there is impedance on delivery of O2 to tissue with high metabolic demand, there is____ of arterioles

A

vasodilation

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8
Q

when tissue increase activity there is a sensed fall in partial pressure of O2 and pH and an increase in partial pressure of CO2

A

o Functional hyperemia

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9
Q

____ occurs due to opening of arterioles

A

Vasodilation

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10
Q

____ is a response to an organ after being completely occluded

A

o Reactive hyperemia

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11
Q

____ control is Mediated by SNS

A

Central Control

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12
Q

the central control stimulates the release of

A

NE & E

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13
Q

_____ nervous system stimulates the release NE => stimulation of _____ receptors of arterioles. this leads to _____ of the arterioles

A
  • SNS
  • alpha adrenergic receptors
  • constriction
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14
Q

Central Control causes increase _____ and _____ to most areas of the arterioles

A
  • vascular resistance and vasoconstriction
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15
Q

Baroreceptor stimulation in central control =>inhibition of _____=> inhibits _____ nervous system

A
  • inhibition of vasoconstrictors region

- SNS

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16
Q

in central control the stimulation of _______ can cause a decrease in O2 and/or increase in CO2

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors

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17
Q

Stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors => activation of _____ region => excites _____ nervous system

A
  • vasoconstrictors

- SNS

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18
Q

_____ is an example of central chemoreceptor

A

Medulla

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19
Q

the ____ responds to increase in CO2

A
  • Medulla
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20
Q
  • Stimulation of _____ causes vasoconstriction
A

Medulla

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21
Q

Extrinsic mechanism ____ involved in control of blood flow

A

neuromechanism

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22
Q

in HTN see vasoconstriction arteries => increase _____ => increase ____

A

increase total peripheral resistance => increase pressure

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23
Q

in HTN as get older arteries are more stiff => decrease in ______=>increase in systemic ______

A
  • peripheral autoregulation

- total peripheral resistance

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24
Q

Various level of control of vasoconstriction vary depending on the_______

A

part of the body

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25
in _____ system the primary function = maintenance of body temperature
Cutaneous Circulatory System
26
the Cutaneous Circulatory System consist of (2)
o AV anastomoses (shunt) | o Arterioles
27
▪ Shunts blood from arteries to venules
o AV anastomoses (shunt)
28
Occurs in response to SNS or ambient temperature
o AV anastomoses (shunt)
29
when the cutaneous circulatory system is stimulated => ____
- vasoconstriction
30
_____ are Temperature controlled
o Arterioles
31
• When the body is cold the arterioles = _____
constrict
32
• When the body is hot the arterioles = _____
dialate
33
Due to blood stimulation of _____centers after heat or cold exposure of the skin this leads to _____when warm and ______ when cold
- hypothalamic centers - vasodilation when warm - vasoconstriction when cold
34
through the SNS control we see inhibition of ____ fibers
- SNS
35
the response of the skeletal circulatory system involves looking at the muscles at ____ and _____
- rest | - during exercise
36
muscles serve to distribute ____ & ___ in the blood at rest
pressure & volume
37
increase carotid sinus pressure => ___ or _____ pressure => constriction
- dilaltion | - decreased pressure
38
Flow at rest in the skeletal circulatory system is determined by _____ when exercising
neural functions
39
In the skeletal circulatory system during exercise relaxation in resistance vessels are due to increased ______
metabolic activity
40
In the skeletal circulatory system Release of ______ that causes dilation of the arteries in exercised muscles
humoral factors
41
In the skeletal circulatory system The contraction of vessels are caused by _____
movement of blood
42
intrinsic control in the skeletal circulatory system causes the release of _____ and ____ of vessels
- humoral factors | - contraction
43
_____ prevent backflow of blood in veins
- Venus valves
44
- Main force responsible for coronary circulation = ______
aortic pressure
45
Coronary Circulatory System is influenced by: (3)
- aortic pressure - Metabolic activity - Extravascular compression
46
o Increased Metabolic activity in the Coronary Circulatory System=> ______ d/t vasodilation
decreased resistance
47
o Decreased Metabolic activity in the Coronary Circulatory System=>_____ d/t vasoconstriction
increased resistance
48
o Flow at rest is determined by ______ when exercising => metabolic control takes over
neural functions
49
in the Coronary Circulatory System_____ is supply and demand
O2
50
▪Leads to changes in vasodilator substances from the heart
O2
51
At the level of the blood vessesl see a O2 ____ , decrease in ____ or decrease in _____ entry in cell around heart => relaxation of smooth muscle and artery
O2 metabolism, decrease ATP, or decrease Ca entry
52
in the Coronary Circulatory System Release of____ & ___ => dilation
NO and adenosine
53
in the Coronary Circulatory System Extravascular compression is influenced by
- constriction of flow | - neural factors
54
When heart contracts there is squeezing of _____-
blood vessels
55
in the Coronary Circulatory System flow is maximal at ____
diastole
56
in the Coronary Circulatory System the SNS causes vasoconstriction and an increase blood flow due to
Neural factors
57
Because the cerebral is enclosed in _____have limited ability to handle wide variation in blood flow
ridged skull
58
in the Cerebral Circulatory System Circulation is under local control by (2)
o Neural factors | o Local factors
59
in the Cerebral Circulatory System local factors include (2)
- ▪ Regional metabolic activity | - CO2 tension which cause vasodilation
60
Splanchnic Circulatory System consist of
- Circulation to intestinal and hepatic regions (liver, spleen, GI, & pancreas)
61
in the Splanchnic Circulatory System ____ is important blood reservoir
- liver
62
what are the 2 blood supplies for the liver
▪ Hepatic artery (bypasses intestine) | ▪ Portal vein
63
in the Splanchnic Circulatory System Blood flow through splanchnic is able to be modified by controlling the______
amount of blood through the hepatic artery or portal vein
64
in the Splanchnic Circulatory System When blood flows through hepatic artery => ____
blood flow through portal vein decreases and vice versa
65
Sympathetic stimulation mostly constricts arterioles and venule is caused by _____ in Splanchnic Circulatory System
- Neural regulation
66
o Autoregulation o Higher metabolic activity leads to vasodilation are factors of ______ Splanchnic Circulatory System
- Intrinsic regulation
67
in the Fetal Circulatory System the Fetus depends on the _____ for oxygenated blood
placenta
68
Pressure of O2 leaving the placenta is ____ in the Fetal Circulatory System
low
69
in the Fetal Circulatory System Blood in fetus has fetal hgb with a _____ for O2
higher affinity
70
in the Fetal Circulatory System the Fetus gives some blood to pulmonary circuit but mostly bypass by _____
ductus arteries
71
in the Fetal Circulatory System blood goes from the Placenta through ______ to liver
umbilical vein
72
50% of fetal blood bypass the ______ via _____
liver via ductus venosus
73
in the Fetal Circulatory System from the ductus venosus blood is brought to the ____ and ____
vena cava and right atrium
74
in the Fetal Circulatory System Portion of the blood bypasses the lungs via _____
ductus arteriosus
75
Most of he blood goes to the _____ which bypasses the pulmonary circulation
foramen ovale (a hole in the heart)
76
in the Fetal Circulatory system the foramen ovale bypasses the pulmonary circulation and brings the blood to the ____
left atrium
77
in the Fetal Circulatory system Most of the blood is pumped out through the _____
ductus arteriosus
78
in the Fetal Circulatory system Most of the blood is pumped out to the _____
right ventricle
79
in Afterbirth Circulation There is closure of the _____
umbilical vein
80
in Afterbirth Circulation Due to increase ____ and ____ => ductus venous closure
total peripheral resistance and BP
81
in Afterbirth Circulation clamping of umbilical vein =>decreased _____ => increase blood flow to _____ of the heart=> reversal of pressure from ____ of heart ____ => causes closure of valve_____
- pulmonary vascular resistance - left side of heart - right side of heart to left side - foramen ovale
82
in Afterbirth Circulation you see closure of the ____ and ____
umbilical vein and ductus arteriosus
83
in Afterbirth Circulation in the Closure of ductus arteriosus you see o See - 1st closure of _____ o 2nd closure of _____ o 3rd closure of ____
- ductus venosus - foramen ovale - ductus areriosus
84
baroreceptors are found in ____ control
centrol control
85
peripheral chemoreceptors respond to ____ and or _____
- O2 | - CO2

Pathophysiology (6 decks)

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