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Pathophysiology > Cardiovascular Physiology VI > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Physiology VI Flashcards

1
Q

what type of control consist of intrinsic factors

A

local control

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2
Q

what type of control consist of extrinsic factors

A

central control

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3
Q

_____ control results in change of circulatory conditions at the level of tissue

A

local control

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4
Q

what are the 4 intrinsic factors of local control

A

o Autoregulation
o Metabolic activity effects
o Functional hyperemia
o Reactive hyperemia

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5
Q

_____ is the main factor in local regulation of blood flow

A

metabolic activity

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6
Q

Tissue with ______ receives higher O2 supply

A

higher metabolic activity

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7
Q

If there is impedance on delivery of O2 to tissue with high metabolic demand, there is____ of arterioles

A

vasodilation

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8
Q

when tissue increase activity there is a sensed fall in partial pressure of O2 and pH and an increase in partial pressure of CO2

A

o Functional hyperemia

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9
Q

____ occurs due to opening of arterioles

A

Vasodilation

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10
Q

____ is a response to an organ after being completely occluded

A

o Reactive hyperemia

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11
Q

____ control is Mediated by SNS

A

Central Control

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12
Q

the central control stimulates the release of

A

NE & E

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13
Q

_____ nervous system stimulates the release NE => stimulation of _____ receptors of arterioles. this leads to _____ of the arterioles

A
  • SNS
  • alpha adrenergic receptors
  • constriction
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14
Q

Central Control causes increase _____ and _____ to most areas of the arterioles

A
  • vascular resistance and vasoconstriction
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15
Q

Baroreceptor stimulation in central control =>inhibition of _____=> inhibits _____ nervous system

A
  • inhibition of vasoconstrictors region

- SNS

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16
Q

in central control the stimulation of _______ can cause a decrease in O2 and/or increase in CO2

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors

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17
Q

Stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors => activation of _____ region => excites _____ nervous system

A
  • vasoconstrictors

- SNS

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18
Q

_____ is an example of central chemoreceptor

A

Medulla

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19
Q

the ____ responds to increase in CO2

A
  • Medulla
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20
Q
  • Stimulation of _____ causes vasoconstriction
A

Medulla

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21
Q

Extrinsic mechanism ____ involved in control of blood flow

A

neuromechanism

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22
Q

in HTN see vasoconstriction arteries => increase _____ => increase ____

A

increase total peripheral resistance => increase pressure

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23
Q

in HTN as get older arteries are more stiff => decrease in ______=>increase in systemic ______

A
  • peripheral autoregulation

- total peripheral resistance

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24
Q

Various level of control of vasoconstriction vary depending on the_______

A

part of the body

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25
Q

in _____ system the primary function = maintenance of body temperature

A

Cutaneous Circulatory System

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26
Q

the Cutaneous Circulatory System consist of (2)

A

o AV anastomoses (shunt)

o Arterioles

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27
Q

▪ Shunts blood from arteries to venules

A

o AV anastomoses (shunt)

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28
Q

Occurs in response to SNS or ambient temperature

A

o AV anastomoses (shunt)

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29
Q

when the cutaneous circulatory system is stimulated => ____

A
  • vasoconstriction
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30
Q

_____ are Temperature controlled

A

o Arterioles

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31
Q

• When the body is cold the arterioles = _____

A

constrict

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32
Q

• When the body is hot the arterioles = _____

A

dialate

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33
Q

Due to blood stimulation of _____centers after heat or cold exposure of the skin this leads to _____when warm and ______ when cold

A
  • hypothalamic centers
  • vasodilation when warm
  • vasoconstriction when cold
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34
Q

through the SNS control we see inhibition of ____ fibers

A
  • SNS
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35
Q

the response of the skeletal circulatory system involves looking at the muscles at ____ and _____

A
  • rest

- during exercise

36
Q

muscles serve to distribute ____ & ___ in the blood at rest

A

pressure & volume

37
Q

increase carotid sinus pressure => ___ or _____ pressure => constriction

A
  • dilaltion

- decreased pressure

38
Q

Flow at rest in the skeletal circulatory system is determined by _____ when exercising

A

neural functions

39
Q

In the skeletal circulatory system during exercise relaxation in resistance vessels are due to increased ______

A

metabolic activity

40
Q

In the skeletal circulatory system Release of ______ that causes dilation of the arteries in exercised muscles

A

humoral factors

41
Q

In the skeletal circulatory system The contraction of vessels are caused by _____

A

movement of blood

42
Q

intrinsic control in the skeletal circulatory system causes the release of _____ and ____ of vessels

A
  • humoral factors

- contraction

43
Q

_____ prevent backflow of blood in veins

A
  • Venus valves
44
Q
  • Main force responsible for coronary circulation = ______
A

aortic pressure

45
Q

Coronary Circulatory System is influenced by: (3)

A
  • aortic pressure
  • Metabolic activity
  • Extravascular compression
46
Q

o Increased Metabolic activity in the Coronary Circulatory System=> ______ d/t vasodilation

A

decreased resistance

47
Q

o Decreased Metabolic activity in the Coronary Circulatory System=>_____ d/t vasoconstriction

A

increased resistance

48
Q

o Flow at rest is determined by ______ when exercising => metabolic control takes over

A

neural functions

49
Q

in the Coronary Circulatory System_____ is supply and demand

A

O2

50
Q

▪Leads to changes in vasodilator substances from the heart

A

O2

51
Q

At the level of the blood vessesl see a O2 ____ , decrease in ____ or decrease in _____ entry in cell around heart => relaxation of smooth muscle and artery

A

O2 metabolism, decrease ATP, or decrease Ca entry

52
Q

in the Coronary Circulatory System Release of____ & ___ => dilation

A

NO and adenosine

53
Q

in the Coronary Circulatory System Extravascular compression is influenced by

A
  • constriction of flow

- neural factors

54
Q

When heart contracts there is squeezing of _____-

A

blood vessels

55
Q

in the Coronary Circulatory System flow is maximal at ____

A

diastole

56
Q

in the Coronary Circulatory System the SNS causes vasoconstriction and an increase blood flow due to

A

Neural factors

57
Q

Because the cerebral is enclosed in _____have limited ability to handle wide variation in blood flow

A

ridged skull

58
Q

in the Cerebral Circulatory System Circulation is under local control by (2)

A

o Neural factors

o Local factors

59
Q

in the Cerebral Circulatory System local factors include (2)

A
  • ▪ Regional metabolic activity

- CO2 tension which cause vasodilation

60
Q

Splanchnic Circulatory System consist of

A
  • Circulation to intestinal and hepatic regions (liver, spleen, GI, & pancreas)
61
Q

in the Splanchnic Circulatory System ____ is important blood reservoir

A
  • liver
62
Q

what are the 2 blood supplies for the liver

A

▪ Hepatic artery (bypasses intestine)

▪ Portal vein

63
Q

in the Splanchnic Circulatory System Blood flow through splanchnic is able to be modified by controlling the______

A

amount of blood through the hepatic artery or portal vein

64
Q

in the Splanchnic Circulatory System When blood flows through hepatic artery => ____

A

blood flow through portal vein decreases and vice versa

65
Q

Sympathetic stimulation mostly constricts arterioles and venule is caused by _____ in Splanchnic Circulatory System

A
  • Neural regulation
66
Q

o Autoregulation
o Higher metabolic activity leads to vasodilation
are factors of ______ Splanchnic Circulatory System

A
  • Intrinsic regulation
67
Q

in the Fetal Circulatory System the Fetus depends on the _____ for oxygenated blood

A

placenta

68
Q

Pressure of O2 leaving the placenta is ____ in the Fetal Circulatory System

A

low

69
Q

in the Fetal Circulatory System Blood in fetus has fetal hgb with a _____ for O2

A

higher affinity

70
Q

in the Fetal Circulatory System the Fetus gives some blood to pulmonary circuit but mostly bypass by _____

A

ductus arteries

71
Q

in the Fetal Circulatory System blood goes from the Placenta through ______ to liver

A

umbilical vein

72
Q

50% of fetal blood bypass the ______ via _____

A

liver via ductus venosus

73
Q

in the Fetal Circulatory System from the ductus venosus blood is brought to the ____ and ____

A

vena cava and right atrium

74
Q

in the Fetal Circulatory System Portion of the blood bypasses the lungs via _____

A

ductus arteriosus

75
Q

Most of he blood goes to the _____ which bypasses the pulmonary circulation

A

foramen ovale (a hole in the heart)

76
Q

in the Fetal Circulatory system the foramen ovale bypasses the pulmonary circulation and brings the blood to the ____

A

left atrium

77
Q

in the Fetal Circulatory system Most of the blood is pumped out through the _____

A

ductus arteriosus

78
Q

in the Fetal Circulatory system Most of the blood is pumped out to the _____

A

right ventricle

79
Q

in Afterbirth Circulation There is closure of the _____

A

umbilical vein

80
Q

in Afterbirth Circulation Due to increase ____ and ____ => ductus venous closure

A

total peripheral resistance and BP

81
Q

in Afterbirth Circulation clamping of umbilical vein =>decreased _____ => increase blood flow to _____ of the heart=> reversal of pressure from ____ of heart ____ => causes closure of valve_____

A
  • pulmonary vascular resistance
  • left side of heart
  • right side of heart to left side
  • foramen ovale
82
Q

in Afterbirth Circulation you see closure of the ____ and ____

A

umbilical vein and ductus arteriosus

83
Q

in Afterbirth Circulation in the Closure of ductus arteriosus you see o See
- 1st closure of _____
o 2nd closure of _____
o 3rd closure of ____

A
  • ductus venosus
  • foramen ovale
  • ductus areriosus
84
Q

baroreceptors are found in ____ control

A

centrol control

85
Q

peripheral chemoreceptors respond to ____ and or _____

A
  • O2

- CO2

Pathophysiology (6 decks)

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