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Pathophysiology > Cardiovascular I > Flashcards

Cardiovascular I Flashcards

1
Q

process by which blood is ejected from the heart by _____ of the ____

A
  • contraction

- ventricles

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2
Q

-During _____ there is a buildup of pressure => contraction

A

systole

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3
Q

when the blood is out => heart returns to _____where the heart is able to relax

A

diastole state

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4
Q

_____ the force of a stretched cardiac muscle

A

systolic pressure

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5
Q

The force generated in contraction

A

systolic pressure

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6
Q

As blood goes into the heart => ____ of the tissue muscle => _____ pressure in vessels

A
  • stretching

- increase

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7
Q

developed at cardiac muscle resting length

A

diastolic pressure

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8
Q

the state in which the myocardial fibers in resting state

A

dyastole

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9
Q

during _____ the result is end diastolic ventricular volume (the amount of blood left in the heart)

A

dyastole

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10
Q

AV valves (2)

A
  • tricuspid

- mitral

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11
Q

separates the RIGHT atrium from RIGHT ventricles

A

Tricuspid

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12
Q

separates the LEFT atrium and the LEFT ventricle

A

Mitral (bicuspid)

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13
Q

Semilunar valves (2)

A
  • pulmonic

- aortic

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14
Q

separates the RIGHT ventricle from the pulmonary circulation

A
  • pulmonic valve
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15
Q

separates the LEFT ventricle from the systemic circulation

A

aortic valve

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16
Q

Occurs at the onset of ventricle systole (the contraction of blood out)

A
  • S1 heart sound:
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17
Q

o The 1st lub you hear

A
  • S1 heart sound:
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18
Q

▪ Result of sound is due to the recoil of AV valves + the movement of blood/vibration of chamber walls

A
  • S1 heart sound:
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19
Q

o Occurs as a result of the closure of semilunar valves

A
  • S2 heart sound:
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20
Q

o Normally only heard in kids

A
  • S3 heart sound:
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21
Q

the result is due to the vibration of the ventricle walls & cessation of ventricular distention

A
  • S3 heart sound:
22
Q

o Occurs as a result of the flow of blood during atrial contraction

A
  • S4 heart sound:
23
Q
  • Deformities in any valve => hearing of_____
A

extra heart sound (AKA murmur)

24
Q
  • A valvular heart disease with narrowing of the aortic valves
A

Aortic Stenosis:

25
Q

in aortic stenosis it o Effects flow of blood from the ____ to ____

A

LEFT ventricles to the aorta

26
Q

in aortic stenosis the left ventricle generates an increased pressure to overcome an increased _____ from the stenotic valve

A

resistances (afterload)

27
Q
  • ______impedes the flow of blood
A

Aortic stenosis

28
Q

o Stiff valve => _____=> increase _____ on the heart => increased heart ____ to get blood out of heart

A
  • impede flow of blood
  • workload
  • contraction
29
Q

_____An inability of the aortic valve to close completely

A

Aortic Regurgitation

30
Q

in Aortic Regurgitation the pressure in ______falls lower than pressure in_____

A
  • LEFT ventricle

- aorta

31
Q

Aortic Regurgitation i characterized by decrease in the _____ in the aorta

A

diastolic blood pressure

32
Q

o When the heart relaxes there isn’t as much blood in the aorta because some of it leaks back

A

Aortic Regurgitation

33
Q

in Aortic Regurgitation the systolic BP remains _____ or _____ if the heart has time to compensate

A

normal or slightly elevated

34
Q

The heart is able to pump out blood but can’t keep the blood going out from reentering into the aorta

A

Aortic Regurgitation

35
Q

in Aortic Regurgitation the _____becomes extremely high

A

End diastolic volume

36
Q

in Aortic Regurgitation the contractions are _____=>

A

less effective

37
Q

in Aortic Regurgitation there is an _____ in pressure in left atrium

A

increase

38
Q

_____ can eventual pulmonary edema => CHF as a result of the back up

A

Aortic Regurgitation

39
Q

the left ventricle compensates with hypertrophy and dilation.

A

• Chronic aortic insufficiency

40
Q

in Chronic aortic insufficiency Patient may appear

A

asymptomatic

41
Q

in Chronic aortic insufficiency _____ occurs and filling pressures will increase.

A

decompensation

42
Q

Developed force of a stretched cardiac

muscle

A

Systolic pressure

43
Q

Developed at cardiac muscle resting length

A

Diastolic pressure

44
Q

in the Frank-Starling Relationship Greater _____ of muscle fibers and a Greater ____

A
  • compliance

- calcium action

45
Q
  • Describes the relationship of if you stretch the heart muscle tissue to a certain point
A

Frank-Starling Relationship

46
Q

Frank-Starling Relationship results in more of a force of _____

A

more of a force of contraction

47
Q

in the Frank-Starling Relationship you see an Increase affinity of_____ , an Increase calcium _____ & _____ and an Increase force of _____

A
  • troponin C for calcium
  • uptake & release from SR
  • contraction
48
Q

in the Frank-Starling Relationship As ventricles fill more => more stretch => greater _____ => greater ____ action =» increase ____ of calcium from SR

A
  • compliance
  • calcium
  • uptake and release
49
Q

in the Frank-Starling Relationship we might see a decreased_____with overstretching

A

compliance

50
Q

in the Frank-Starling Relationship If overstretched => decrease_____ => ___ & __ fibers separate too much from each other => decrease _____ & _____

A
  • compliance
  • actin & myosin fibers
  • decrease compliance & decrease force of contraction
51
Q

When increase force and rate of contractions it is a way for the heart to accommodate for ______-

A

increase filling pressure of blood

Pathophysiology (6 decks)

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