Cardiovascular I

Question 1

process by which blood is ejected from the heart by _____ of the ____

Answer 1

• contraction

- ventricles

Question 2

-During _____ there is a buildup of pressure => contraction

Answer 2

systole

Question 3

when the blood is out => heart returns to _____where the heart is able to relax

Answer 3

diastole state

Question 4

_____ the force of a stretched cardiac muscle

Answer 4

systolic pressure

Question 5

The force generated in contraction

Answer 5

systolic pressure

Question 6

As blood goes into the heart => ____ of the tissue muscle => _____ pressure in vessels

Answer 6

• stretching

- increase

Question 7

developed at cardiac muscle resting length

Answer 7

diastolic pressure

Question 8

the state in which the myocardial fibers in resting state

Answer 8

dyastole

Question 9

during _____ the result is end diastolic ventricular volume (the amount of blood left in the heart)

Answer 9

dyastole

Question 10

AV valves (2)

Answer 10

• tricuspid

- mitral

Question 11

separates the RIGHT atrium from RIGHT ventricles

Answer 11

Tricuspid

Question 12

separates the LEFT atrium and the LEFT ventricle

Answer 12

Mitral (bicuspid)

Question 13

Semilunar valves (2)

Answer 13

• pulmonic

- aortic

Question 14

separates the RIGHT ventricle from the pulmonary circulation

Answer 14

• pulmonic valve

Question 15

separates the LEFT ventricle from the systemic circulation

Answer 15

aortic valve

Question 16

Occurs at the onset of ventricle systole (the contraction of blood out)

Answer 16

• S1 heart sound:

Question 17

o The 1st lub you hear

Answer 17

• S1 heart sound:

Question 18

▪ Result of sound is due to the recoil of AV valves + the movement of blood/vibration of chamber walls

Answer 18

• S1 heart sound:

Question 19

o Occurs as a result of the closure of semilunar valves

Answer 19

• S2 heart sound:

Question 20

o Normally only heard in kids

Answer 20

• S3 heart sound:

Question 21

the result is due to the vibration of the ventricle walls & cessation of ventricular distention

Answer 21

• S3 heart sound:

Question 22

o Occurs as a result of the flow of blood during atrial contraction

Answer 22

• S4 heart sound:

Question 23

• Deformities in any valve => hearing of_____

Answer 23

extra heart sound (AKA murmur)

Question 24

• A valvular heart disease with narrowing of the aortic valves

Answer 24

Aortic Stenosis:

Question 25

in aortic stenosis it o Effects flow of blood from the ____ to ____

Answer 25

LEFT ventricles to the aorta

Question 26

in aortic stenosis the left ventricle generates an increased pressure to overcome an increased _____ from the stenotic valve

Answer 26

resistances (afterload)

Question 27

- ______impedes the flow of blood

Answer 27

Aortic stenosis

Question 28

o Stiff valve => _____=> increase _____ on the heart => increased heart ____ to get blood out of heart

Answer 28

- impede flow of blood - workload - contraction

Question 29

_____An inability of the aortic valve to close completely

Answer 29

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 30

in Aortic Regurgitation the pressure in ______falls lower than pressure in_____

Answer 30

- LEFT ventricle | - aorta

Question 31

Aortic Regurgitation i characterized by decrease in the _____ in the aorta

Answer 31

diastolic blood pressure

Question 32

o When the heart relaxes there isn’t as much blood in the aorta because some of it leaks back

Answer 32

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 33

in Aortic Regurgitation the systolic BP remains _____ or _____ if the heart has time to compensate

Answer 33

normal or slightly elevated

Question 34

The heart is able to pump out blood but can’t keep the blood going out from reentering into the aorta

Answer 34

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 35

in Aortic Regurgitation the _____becomes extremely high

Answer 35

End diastolic volume

Question 36

in Aortic Regurgitation the contractions are _____=>

Answer 36

less effective

Question 37

in Aortic Regurgitation there is an _____ in pressure in left atrium

Answer 37

increase

Question 38

_____ can eventual pulmonary edema => CHF as a result of the back up

Answer 38

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 39

the left ventricle compensates with hypertrophy and dilation.

Answer 39

• Chronic aortic insufficiency

Question 40

in Chronic aortic insufficiency Patient may appear

Answer 40

asymptomatic

Question 41

in Chronic aortic insufficiency _____ occurs and filling pressures will increase.

Answer 41

decompensation

Question 42

Developed force of a stretched cardiac | muscle

Answer 42

Systolic pressure

Question 43

Developed at cardiac muscle resting length

Answer 43

Diastolic pressure

Question 44

in the Frank-Starling Relationship Greater _____ of muscle fibers and a Greater ____

Answer 44

- compliance | - calcium action

Question 45

- Describes the relationship of if you stretch the heart muscle tissue to a certain point

Answer 45

Frank-Starling Relationship

Question 46

Frank-Starling Relationship results in more of a force of _____

Answer 46

more of a force of contraction

Question 47

in the Frank-Starling Relationship you see an Increase affinity of_____ , an Increase calcium _____ & _____ and an Increase force of _____

Answer 47

- troponin C for calcium - uptake & release from SR - contraction

Question 48

in the Frank-Starling Relationship As ventricles fill more => more stretch => greater _____ => greater ____ action =>> increase ____ of calcium from SR

Answer 48

- compliance - calcium - uptake and release

Question 49

in the Frank-Starling Relationship we might see a decreased_____with overstretching

Answer 49

compliance

Question 50

in the Frank-Starling Relationship If overstretched => decrease_____ => ___ & __ fibers separate too much from each other => decrease _____ & _____

Answer 50

- compliance - actin & myosin fibers - decrease compliance & decrease force of contraction

Question 51

When increase force and rate of contractions it is a way for the heart to accommodate for ______-

Answer 51

increase filling pressure of blood